Tax-Free Bonds: Key Features And How To Apply For A Secure Investment

Bonds have been around for centuries. They allow investors to lend money to the issuer, who promises to return the investment along with interest after a fixed period. Historically, governments used to issue bonds to finance wartime expenditures or public projects.

Over time, this simple concept has evolved into various types of bonds. One of the most notable types is tax-free bonds. This unique instrument offers investors a safe option with tax benefits, making them an attractive option for those seeking stable, tax-free returns.

• Tax-free bonds offer stable, low-risk returns that are exempt from income tax.
• They are ideal for long-term investors, especially those in higher tax brackets.
• Government backing makes tax-free bonds a secure option for conservative investors.
• They are easily accessible and can be traded on the stock exchange for liquidity.

Tax-free bonds are debt instruments that are issued by government-backed organisations or public sector institutions in India. Their distinguishing feature is that the interest earned on them is exempt from income tax under Section 10(15)(iv)(h) of the Income Tax Act.

The funds raised with these bonds are used by the issuer to finance public sector projects like infrastructure development or renewable energy undertakings. Unlike traditional bonds, in which the interest earned is taxable, tax-free bonds do not impose the burden of taxes. This makes them especially appealing to people in higher tax brackets.

Interest earned is tax-exempt

This is the main appeal of tax-free bonds. Tax-free bonds allow investors to retain the entirety of their returns without paying taxes on them. This makes them a valuable investment for those looking to minimise tax liabilities.

Issued by government entities

Tax-free bonds are issued by government organisations like the National Highways Authority of India or the Indian Railways Finance Corporation. This government backing makes them a relatively low-risk investment because the likelihood of default is minimal.

Long-term horizon

Tax-free bonds usually come with a long tenure ranging from 10 to 20 years. This makes them bonds suitable for investors seeking a long-term, stable income source.

Fixed interest rates

The interest rates on tax-free bonds are fixed for the entire duration of the investment. Although the interest rates on these bonds are generally lower than other fixed-income options, their tax-free nature makes them suitable for some portfolios.

Listed on stock exchanges

While designed to be held until maturity, investors can choose to sell tax-free bonds on the stock exchange if they need to exit the investment early. Therefore, they provide liquidity to the investor.

No cap on investment

Another attractive feature of tax-free bonds is that there is no maximum investment limit. Investors can choose how much they wish to invest based on their financial capacity and goals.

Investing in tax-free bonds is a straightforward process. Here is a step-by-step guide to help you navigate the application process:

1. Choose a broker: Tax-free bonds are offered by various banks, stockbrokers, and mutual fund houses. Select a reliable financial institution or broker to get started.
2. Research available tax-free bonds: Conduct thorough research on tax-free bonds available in the market. Examine factors like the issuing organisation, credit rating, interest rate, and maturity period. Select one based on your financial goals.
3. Check eligibility: Usually, anyone can invest in tax-free bonds, including individuals, Hindu Undivided Families, and institutions. However, you will need to verify the specific eligibility criteria before applying, as some bonds may also have age restrictions.
4. Open a Demat account: You need a Demat account to hold tax-free bonds in electronic form. If you don't already have one, you will need to open a Demat account with a registered depository participant.
5. Apply for the bond: Apply for the tax-free bond through the chosen broker or institution. You can apply online through the website of the institution or by visiting a branch in person to complete the process.
6. Transfer funds: After applying, transfer the required funds to your Demat account to cover the cost of the bonds. Payment will be made via net banking or by cheque, depending on what your broker supports.
7. Await allotment: When you complete the application process, the allotment of bonds will take a few days. Once allotted, the bonds will be credited to your Demat account.
8. Receive interest payments: Tax-free bonds generally offer semi-annual or annual interest payments. This will be credited directly to your account. Since the interest is tax-exempt, the full amount will be deposited.
9. Hold until maturity: Tax-free bonds are long-term investments. This means that you can hold them until maturity to enjoy the full benefits. However, you can also sell them on the stock exchange before maturity if needed.

Tax-free bonds are an excellent option for investors looking for stable, low-risk investments with tax benefits. Backed by government entities, they provide long-term financial security.

While the interest rates may be lower than other instruments, their tax-exempt nature enhances their overall appeal, especially for those in higher tax brackets or looking to diversify their portfolio. It is advisable to research the available options and consult with a financial advisor before making your investment decisions.

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