Land Records

Land records in India constitute a comprehensive and vital repository of information pertaining to land ownership, transactions, and property boundaries.
Land Records
2 min read
14 December 2023

Land has always been an important and finite resource, and managing it effectively is crucial for sustainable development. In India, the process of maintaining land records has evolved over the years, and one of the significant advancements is the digitalisation of land records. Read on to understand the importance of land record digitalisation, the National Land Records Modernisation Program (NLRMP), state-wise initiatives, and the benefits of embracing this technological shift.

Land record digitalisation in India

With rapid technological advancements, India has witnessed a transformative shift in the management of land records. The traditional paper-based system faced numerous challenges, including data inconsistencies, corruption, and accessibility issues. To overcome these hurdles, the government initiated the digitalisation of land records, ushering in a new era of efficiency and transparency.

Importance of land record digitalisation

The digitalisation of land records is a pivotal step towards modernising the land administration system in India. This process involves converting existing manual records into digital formats, making information more accessible, accurate, and secure. Some key reasons for the importance of land record digitalisation include:

Transparency and accountability:

Digitalised land records promote transparency by making information easily accessible to the public. This increased transparency reduces the scope for corruption and ensures accountability in the land administration system.

Reduction of land disputes:

Clear and accurate land records significantly reduce the chances of disputes. Digitalisation minimises errors and discrepancies, providing a reliable foundation for land ownership, which, in turn, helps in mitigating land-related conflicts.

Ease of access for citizens:

Digital land records allow citizens by providing easy access to information related to land ownership, boundaries, and transactions. This accessibility fosters a sense of ownership and enables individuals to make informed decisions about their land.

National Land Records Modernisation Program (NLRMP)

The NLRMP, launched in 2008, is a flagship program aimed at modernising land records and creating a comprehensive land information management system. Under this program, states are encouraged to adopt innovative technologies for surveying and mapping, computerisation of land records, and establishing an integrated land information management system.

Documents required for land registration

The specific documents required for land registration can vary depending on the country, state, or region where the land is located. However, some common documents often needed for land registration include:

  1. Proof of ownership: This could be in the form of a deed, title certificate, or other legal documents proving that the seller has the right to transfer ownership of the land.
  2. Identity proof: Valid government-issued identification such as a passport, driver's license, or national ID card for both the buyer and the seller.
  3. Sale deed: A sale deed is a legal document that proves the transfer of ownership of the property from the seller to the buyer.
  4. Encumbrance certificate: This document certifies that the property is free from any legal or monetary liabilities, such as mortgages or liens.
  5. Property tax receipts: Receipts or documents proving that property taxes have been paid up to date.
  6. Land survey maps: Official maps or surveys showing the boundaries and measurements of the land being registered.
  7. Mutation register extracts: These documents provide details about the history of ownership transfers for the property.
  8. No objection certificates (NOCs): Depending on local regulations, you may need NOCs from various authorities such as the local municipal corporation, environmental agencies, or land development authorities.
  9. PAN card: Permanent Account Number card for financial transactions, often required for property transactions.
  10. Payment receipts: Receipts for any payments made in relation to the land registration process, including stamp duty and registration fees.
  11. Power of Attorney (if applicable): If the seller or buyer is unable to appear in person for the registration process, a power of attorney document may be required.

It's essential to consult with local authorities or a legal expert to ensure you have all the necessary documents for land registration in your specific jurisdiction. Requirements can vary significantly from place to place.

How to register for land records?

Here's the step-by-step process for registering for land records online:

  1. Visit the official website of the land records department or the designated online portal for your region. Create an account by providing necessary details such as name, address, email, and phone number.
  2. Log in to your newly created account using the credentials provided.
  3. Navigate to the section for land records registration or online services. Fill out the online application form with accurate information, including details about the land and the owner.
  4. Upload scanned copies of required documents, such as sale deed, identity proof, and property survey map.
  5. Pay any applicable fees online through the provided payment gateway.
  6. Review the submitted information and documents to ensure accuracy. Submit the online application.
  7. Receive a confirmation email or notification acknowledging receipt of your application.
  8. Download or print the registered land records for your reference and future use.

Correction of spelling mistakes in land records

Correcting spelling mistakes in land records is crucial to avoid future legal complications. Inaccuracies in names or property details can lead to disputes, delays in transactions, and issues with government processes. You can rectify these errors by following a standard procedure, typically involving the submission of an application and relevant documents.

Here are the steps to correct spelling mistakes in land records:

  1. Visit the local land record or revenue office.
  2. Submit an application mentioning the required corrections.
  3. Provide supporting documents like ID proofs or old land records.
  4. Pay the applicable fee, if any.
  5. Follow up for the updated records.

State-wise land records websites

To facilitate easy access to land records, many states in India have developed dedicated websites where citizens can view and verify land-related information. These websites act as centralised platforms, offering a range of services related to land records. Click on any of the links below to know how to access land record portals for different states:

State

Bhulekh land records portal

Uttar Pradesh

Bhulekh UP

Madhya Pradesh

MP Bhulekh

Bihar

Bihar Bhulekh

Odisha

Bhulekh Odisha

Rajasthan

Apna Khata Rajasthan

Haryana

Jamabandi Haryana

Maharashtra

Mahabhulekh

Gujarat

AnyROR Gujarat

Punjab

Punjab Land Records

West Bengal

Banglar Bhumi

Telangana

Dharani Telangana

Andhra Pradesh

Mee Bhoomi

Karnataka

Bhoomi Karnataka

Tamil Nadu

TN Patta Chitta

Kerala

Kerala Land Records

Jharkhand

Jharbhoomi

Himachal Pradesh

Himbhoomi HP

Chhattisgarh

CG Bhuiyan

Uttarakhand

Uttarakhand Bhulekh

GOA

Goa Land Record


State-wise initiatives and progress

Different states in India have undertaken initiatives to digitise land records, each at its own pace. Some states have made significant progress in digitalisation, using technology to enhance the efficiency of land administration processes. It is essential for citizens to be aware of their state's initiatives and progress in this regard.

State-wise digitalisation progress

A comprehensive overview of the digitalisation progress in each state is crucial for understanding the current state of land records management. Tracking the advancements made by different states helps identify best practices and areas that need improvement.

Benefits of land record digitalisation

The digitalisation of land records brings about a multitude of benefits, contributing to the overall development and well-being of society. Some notable advantages include:

Transparency and accountability:

Digital records reduce the scope for manipulation and unauthorised changes, ensuring that the information is reliable and trustworthy.

Reduction of land disputes:

Accurate and easily accessible land records minimise the likelihood of disputes, promoting harmonious land relations.

Ease of access for citizens:

Citizens can conveniently access information about their land holdings, facilitating better decision-making and overall land management.

Key components of digitalised land records

The process of digitalising land records involves various components, each playing a crucial role in creating a robust and efficient system. Two key components include:

Land survey and mapping:

Utilising modern surveying and mapping technologies helps create accurate and up-to-date depictions of land boundaries, aiding in the maintenance of precise land records.

Title registration and verification:

Digitalised title registration ensures a secure and transparent process for recording land ownership, and verification mechanisms help confirm the legitimacy of land titles.

Understanding the importance of this digital transformation and staying informed about state-wise initiatives allows us to actively participate in the responsible management of our most asset—land.

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Frequently asked questions

Why is maintenance of land records important?

Maintenance of land records is crucial for establishing legal ownership, preventing disputes, and facilitating land transactions. It ensures transparency, security, and accuracy in property dealings, promoting economic development and efficient land use.

How can I access land records?

Access to land records varies by jurisdiction but typically involves visiting government offices, online portals, or requesting copies from relevant authorities. Some regions may require registration or payment of fees for access to land records.

Are land records public information?

Land records are often considered public information, accessible to anyone interested in researching property ownership, boundaries, or historical transactions. However, access procedures and the level of detail available may vary depending on local regulations and privacy laws.

How do I use land records for property research?

To conduct property research using land records, one can verify ownership, check for encumbrances, review property boundaries, and examine transaction history. This information helps assess property value, identify potential risks, and make informed decisions regarding buying, selling, or developing land.

How can I check my AP land records online?

Visit the Andhra Pradesh state government’s land records portal. Enter details such as district, mandal, and village, then provide the survey number or landowner name to access your AP land records.

How to check Delhi land records online?

Go to the Delhi government's land records website. Enter details like district, sub-district, and village, and use your property’s khasra number or owner’s name to view the land records.

How to get land records online in Maharashtra?

Access Maharashtra’s land records portal. Enter details such as district, taluka, and village, and provide the survey number or property details to retrieve your land records.

How to check Bihar land records?

Visit the Bihar land records website, select your district and block, then enter details like survey number or landowner name to access the land records for Bihar.

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