Autoclave machines are important tools used for sterilising equipment in hospitals, labs, and even in some industries. Knowing about the different types of autoclaves can help you pick the right one depending on how it works, what it's made of, and how it is powered. This guide explains the main types of autoclaves - like vertical, horizontal, gravity-based, and pre-vacuum models, as well as the categories based on sterilisation levels, such as Class N, S, and B. It also looks at the materials used to make autoclaves, like stainless steel and aluminium, and compares electric and non-electric options. You’ll also find tips on choosing the best autoclave for your needs, along with information on financing options that can help you buy one easily.
Different types of autoclave machines
Autoclave machines are broadly classified based on their function, class, and size. Each type serves a specific purpose and comes with unique features to suit different sterilisation needs.
1. Different types of autoclaves categorised by function
Autoclaves can be categorised based on their function, ranging from vertical and horizontal types to gravity displacement and pre-vacuum autoclaves. Each type offers distinct advantages depending on the sterilisation requirements.
- Vertical autoclaves: Vertical autoclaves are space-saving units commonly used in small laboratories and clinics. They feature a top-opening design and are suitable for sterilising glassware, culture media, and basic laboratory equipment.
- Horizontal autoclaves: Horizontal autoclaves are larger systems designed for high volume use in hospitals and large medical facilities. With greater chamber capacity and efficiency, they are ideal for sterilising surgical instruments and bulky loads.
- Gravity displacement autoclaves: These autoclaves rely on gravity to push air out of the chamber as steam enters. They are economical and widely used for sterilising solid, non-porous items in laboratory environments.
- Pre-vacuum autoclaves: Pre-vacuum autoclaves actively remove air from the chamber before steam injection, ensuring deeper steam penetration. This makes them well-suited for porous materials and wrapped instruments, commonly required in hospital settings.
2. Different types of autoclaves categorised by class
Autoclaves are also classified based on their sterilisation standards into Class N, Class S, and Class B.
- Class N autoclaves: Class N autoclaves are designed for basic, solid instruments that do not have hollow sections. They are simple to operate and are commonly used in small clinics for routine sterilisation needs.
- Class S autoclaves: Class S autoclaves sit between Class N and Class B in terms of capability. They can sterilise a wider range of items, including wrapped instruments and textiles, depending on the manufacturer’s specifications.
- Class B autoclaves: Class B autoclaves are the most advanced type and can sterilise all kinds of loads, including hollow, wrapped, and complex instruments. They are widely used in dental clinics, hospitals, and surgical centres where high sterilisation standards are required.
3. Different types based on the materials that are used to manufacture autoclave machines
In the past, autoclave manufacturers used nickel-clad, highly corrosion-resistant materials to build sterilisers. However, modern laboratory autoclave machines have significantly advanced, offering superior construction and performance. Today’s autoclaves are commonly made from materials such as stainless steel and aluminium, which provide improved durability and efficiency.
- Stainless steel autoclaves: Stainless steel autoclaves are commonly used because of their strength, corrosion resistance, and long service life. When properly maintained, they are suitable for a wide range of sterilisation tasks in medical and laboratory settings. High pressure steam sterilisers made from stainless steel are especially popular for instruments, lab equipment, and heat resistant materials.
- Aluminium autoclaves: Aluminium autoclaves are chosen for their affordability and efficient water usage. They generate dry steam with less water, making them a cost effective option. These autoclaves are often used to sterilise dressings, surgical tools, and other medical items, particularly in smaller healthcare and laboratory environments.
4. Different types of autoclave based on the different power sources
Electric autoclave machine
- Function: Uses moist heat sterilisation to sterilise equipment by creating saturated steam under pressure, effectively killing microorganisms.
- Power source: Runs on electricity, making it eco-friendly and efficient.
- Applications: Ideal for medical, laboratory, and clinical settings to sterilise medical instruments and tools.
- Examples:
- Electric autoclave machine
- Stainless steel autoclave
- Portable steam autoclave
These autoclaves are portable, durable, and designed for ease of use, providing a reliable and safe sterilisation method.
Non-electric autoclave machine
- Function: Operates without electricity by being heated using an external heat source, such as a stove.
- Applications: Suitable for locations where electricity is unreliable or for users preferring traditional sterilisation methods.
- Examples:
- Non-electric autoclave machine, stainless steel - portable (21ltr)
- Portable autoclave machine, non-electric stainless steel (27ltr)
- Steam steriliser machine, non-electric stainless steel (39ltr)
These machines provide a cost-effective and portable solution for sterilisation in areas with limited or no electricity. They offer a practical alternative to electric autoclaves, especially in remote or off-grid locations.
Benefits of autoclave machines
Autoclave machines are essential for maintaining hygiene and safety in hospitals, laboratories, and industrial settings by using high-pressure steam to eliminate harmful microorganisms.
- High sterilisation efficacy: Effectively destroys bacteria, viruses, fungi, and spores using intense heat and pressure.
- Speed and efficiency: Completes sterilisation cycles quickly, enabling faster instrument turnaround.
- Cost effective operation: Uses water and electricity efficiently, keeping operating costs relatively low.
- Environment friendly process: Does not rely on chemicals and leaves no toxic residues behind.
- Wide application range: Suitable for sterilising solids, liquids, porous materials, and biomedical waste.
- Reliable and consistent results: Ensures uniform sterilisation that meets regulatory and safety standards.
- Strong penetration capability: Steam penetrates complex shapes and porous materials effectively.
- Improved workflow: Supports batch processing, helping increase productivity in busy facilities.
- Data logging support: Modern autoclaves provide electronic records of sterilisation cycles for tracking and compliance.
Choosing the right type of autoclave machines
Choosing the appropriate autoclave for your facility involves careful consideration of various factors to ensure effective sterilisation. Here's a straightforward guide to assist you:
1. Identify the types of items to sterilise
- Class N autoclaves: Best suited for solid, unwrapped instruments. They use gravity displacement to remove air, making them ideal for basic sterilisation tasks.
- Class S autoclaves: Equipped with a single-stage vacuum pump, these are suitable for sterilising single-wrapped items and some hollow instruments.
- Class B autoclaves: Utilise a pre-vacuum process to remove air, allowing for thorough sterilisation of complex loads, including porous and hollow instruments.
Understanding the nature of the items you need to sterilise will guide you in selecting the appropriate class of autoclave.
2. Assess available space
Autoclaves require dedicated floor space. Consider the following:
- Installation orientation: Determine whether plumbing connections will be from the back or side, as this affects space requirements.
- Door configuration: Decide between outward-swinging or vertically sliding doors based on available space and workflow.
- Maintenance access: Ensure there is adequate space around the autoclave for servicing and maintenance.
3. Check utility requirements
Autoclaves have specific utility needs:
- Water supply: Ensure a consistent and clean water source.
- Electrical power: Verify that your facility can support the autoclave's electrical requirements.
- Steam source: If your facility lacks a steam source, consider autoclaves with built-in steam generators.
Consult with your facilities management team to confirm that all necessary utility connections are in place before installation.
4. Evaluate capacity and throughput needs
Assess the volume of items to be sterilised daily and the anticipated size of each load. While small benchtop autoclaves may suffice for low-volume facilities, larger facilities may require medium or large-capacity autoclaves to meet higher sterilisation demands. Consider factors such as cycle time and load density to ensure the selected autoclave can handle peak loads without disrupting workflow
5. Plan for maintenance and service
Routine maintenance is essential for optimal performance:
- Service plans: Consider the availability of service contracts and support services.
- Spare parts: Ensure that spare parts are readily available and not proprietary.
- Technical support: Choose models from manufacturers that offer strong support services and preventative maintenance options.
6. Consider customisation and future growth
As your facility's needs evolve, so may your sterilisation requirements:
- Programmable cycles: Some autoclave models offer programmable cycles to accommodate different sterilisation needs.
- Additional features: Features such as additional shelving or specialised loading carts can enhance efficiency.
- Scalability: Opt for autoclaves that can adapt to future growth or more advanced sterilisation requirements.
Difference between Laboratory and Medical Autoclaves
Feature |
Laboratory Autoclaves |
Medical Autoclaves |
Regulation |
Generally governed by less strict requirements and used mainly for research or laboratory purposes. |
Strictly regulated and must meet healthcare compliance standards, including approvals from authorities such as the FDA. |
Design |
Commonly feature simpler, jacketless chambers where steam is produced directly inside the unit. |
Usually equipped with a steam jacket and a separate steam generator for quicker and more uniform heating. |
Air removal |
Often rely on gravity displacement methods, which may not fully eliminate trapped air. |
Typically use vacuum pump systems to ensure complete air removal and effective steam penetration. |
Application |
Used to sterilise laboratory glassware, culture media, liquids, and for treating biohazardous waste. |
Designed for sterilising surgical tools, implantable devices, linens, and other items used in patient care. |
Cycle validation |
Sterilisation cycles are usually defined by internal laboratory protocols. |
Cycles are carefully designed and validated according to established medical standards such as AAMI guidelines. |
Difference between Automatic and Manual Control Autoclaves
Feature |
Manual Control Autoclaves |
Automatic Control Autoclaves |
User intervention |
Requires significant operator involvement, including manual water filling, setting temperature and time, and managing steam release and drying. |
Requires minimal operator input with pre-set cycles and automated operation throughout the process. |
Cycle control |
Temperature, pressure, and time are manually adjusted and monitored, offering flexibility but depending heavily on operator accuracy. |
Sensors and control systems, usually microprocessor based, regulate all parameters for consistent and precise sterilisation. |
Drying cycle |
The operator must manually open the chamber to release steam and reset controls for the drying stage. |
The system automatically transitions to the drying phase once sterilisation is complete. |
Safety mechanisms |
Includes basic safety features, with greater reliance on the operator’s attentiveness and experience. |
Equipped with enhanced safety systems such as automatic door locks that open only after pressure normalises and the cycle ends. |
Financing options for buying autoclave machines
Purchasing an autoclave machine can be a significant investment. To ease the financial burden, consider exploring financing options like a Medical Equipment loan from Bajaj Finance. These loans come with flexible repayment options, ensuring that you can get the best equipment without straining your budget. Apply now and secure quick funds with ease.
Conclusion
Autoclave machines are essential for maintaining hygiene and safety in medical and laboratory settings. With various types available, selecting the right one depends on your specific needs. If you are looking for financing options for medical professionals, you may also consider a doctor loan from Bajaj Finance to help you acquire the necessary equipment.
