Mixed Supply and Composite Supply under GST

This concept, newly introduced under GST, covers supplies made together, regardless of whether they are related. When two or more goods or services are supplied together, it is classified as either a ‘composite supply’ or a ‘mixed supply’. While composite supply aligns with the earlier concept of naturally bundled services under the Service Tax Law, mixed supply is a completely new addition.
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3 min
01 October 2025

What is a mixed supply under GST?

A mixed supply under GST refers to a combination of two or more individual supplies of goods or services, or any combination thereof, made together by a supplier for a single price. Each component of a mixed supply is independently taxable and has no direct connection to the other supplies included. For instance, if a package contains a watch and a pen sold together at a single price, each item is taxed separately based on its respective GST rate. The rate applicable to the highest-taxed item in the package determines the GST rate for the entire mixed supply. This is crucial because it influences the overall tax liability, ensuring that the correct tax rate is applied to the entire transaction. The concept of mixed supply is essential in GST to prevent potential tax avoidance and ensure that the correct amount of tax is collected by the authorities. Businesses can also use tools like the GST Calculator to quickly estimate their tax liabilities on such transactions.

Example: A garden centre sells cut flowers, ornamental plants, and gardening services together as a bundle. When sold individually, the plants and flowers attract GST at 5%, while the gardening services are taxed at 18%. However, when offered as a bundle, the entire package is subject to GST at the higher rate of 18%.

Note: Whenever a retailer dispatches the items in a mixed supply, the applicable tax rate on the delivery charge will match the GST rate applied to the entire bundle.

What is a composite supply under GST?

A composite supply under GST refers to a situation where two or more goods or services are supplied together, and one of these is the principal supply, while the others are incidental. The GST rate applicable to a composite supply is determined by the principal supply. For example, when a company sells a laptop with a warranty and service contract, the laptop is considered the principal supply, and the associated services are incidental. The GST rate applied is that of the laptop, which simplifies the taxation process and ensures consistency. Composite supplies are integral to GST as they help clarify the tax treatment of bundled goods and services, ensuring that the tax is levied in line with the primary component of the transaction. The concept of composite supply is crucial for maintaining clarity and uniformity in tax application under GST law. Those registered under the GST Composition Scheme must also understand these classifications to determine their applicability and limits.

Example: A gift box containing a variety of items such as chocolates, dry fruits, and a small decorative item is sold for a single price. Each product in the box may attract a different GST rate when sold separately. However, since the items are packaged and sold together for a single price and are not naturally bundled, this is treated as a mixed supply under GST. As per GST rules, the entire supply is taxed at the highest applicable rate among the items in the package — in this case, the rate applicable to the decorative item, if it is the highest.

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Why is the concept of mixed supply & composite supply important?

The concepts of mixed and composite supply are critical under GST law because they determine the tax rate applicable to transactions involving multiple goods or services. Understanding these distinctions ensures accurate tax calculations, preventing errors that could lead to penalties or disputes with tax authorities. For businesses, correctly identifying whether a transaction is a mixed or composite supply is essential for compliance and optimising tax liability. This distinction also impacts pricing strategies, as the GST rate can vary significantly between mixed and composite supplies. By correctly classifying supplies, businesses can avoid overpaying or underpaying taxes, thereby ensuring smoother operations and better financial planning. Moreover, these concepts play a vital role in maintaining the integrity of the GST system by ensuring that tax is levied appropriately based on the nature of the supply, which ultimately supports the government's revenue collection efforts. Proper classification is also necessary when applying for a GST Refund, ensuring smooth and timely processing by the authorities.

Differences between mixed and composite supplies

Criteria Mixed Supply Composite Supply
Definition Two or more supplies sold together, each taxable separately Two or more supplies sold together with one principal supply
GST rate applicability Based on the highest GST rate of the individual items Based on the GST rate of the principal supply
Example Gift hampers containing chocolates and a toy Sale of a car with insurance and maintenance service
Tax treatment Each supply is taxed independently Entire supply is taxed at the rate of the principal supply


Time of supply

The time of supply under GST is the point when goods or services are deemed to be supplied, which determines the date on which the GST becomes payable. Understanding the time of supply is crucial for businesses as it dictates when they need to account for GST in their returns. Accurate determination of the time of supply helps in avoiding any interest or penalties due to delayed payment of taxes. The rules for determining the time of supply vary depending on whether the supply is of goods or services, and whether it is a composite or mixed supply.

1. Time of supply in case of composite supply

In the case of a composite supply, the time of supply is determined by the principal supply's nature. The GST is payable at the time when the principal supply is made. For instance, if a laptop is sold with a warranty service, the time of supply would be the time when the laptop is delivered to the customer. This rule ensures that the entire composite supply is taxed consistently based on the principal supply's timeline, thereby simplifying tax compliance and ensuring that businesses can accurately predict their GST liabilities.

2. Time of supply in case of mixed supplies

For mixed supplies, the time of supply is determined by the individual components of the supply, with GST payable as per the highest taxed item. The time of supply will be the earliest of the date of issue of the invoice, the date of receipt of payment, or the date on which the supplier makes the supply available to the recipient. This ensures that each component of the mixed supply is taxed correctly and that businesses remain compliant with GST regulations. Understanding the time of supply for mixed supplies is essential to ensure accurate GST reporting and avoid any potential interest or penalties. Referring to the correct GST State Code is also necessary to ensure accurate filing, especially when inter-state supplies are involved.

Conclusion

Understanding the concepts of mixed and composite supplies, along with the time of supply, is vital for businesses to ensure compliance with GST law. Accurate classification of supplies helps businesses manage their tax liabilities effectively, ensuring that they do not face any legal or financial repercussions. Additionally, a clear understanding and application of these GST provisions can assist in better financial planning and optimising cash flow, particularly for businesses that rely on complex transactions involving multiple goods or services. For businesses seeking financial assistance, understanding these concepts is also crucial when applying for Bajaj Finserv Business Loan, as it ensures that all tax-related obligations are met, thereby improving the chances of loan approval. If you are just starting out, make sure you complete your GST Registration to begin your business journey on the right note.

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Frequently asked questions

What is mixed supply as per section 2-74 of the CGST Act?
As per Section 2(74) of the Central Goods and Services Tax (CGST) Act, a mixed supply refers to the supply of two or more individual goods or services, or any combination thereof, made together for a single price, where each supply is independent and not naturally bundled. The GST rate applicable to a mixed supply is based on the item with the highest rate among the combined goods or services, ensuring correct tax treatment under the GST regime.

What are the examples of goods in composite supply?
Examples of goods in a composite supply include the sale of a mobile phone along with a charger and earphones, where the mobile phone is the principal supply, and the charger and earphones are incidental. Another example is the sale of a car with an extended warranty and maintenance package, where the car is the principal supply, and the services are ancillary. In both cases, the GST rate applied is that of the principal supply, simplifying the tax calculation.

What are the examples of mixed supply of goods?
Examples of mixed supply of goods include a gift hamper containing chocolates, biscuits, and a soft drink sold for a single price. Each item in the hamper has a different GST rate, but the highest GST rate among the items will apply to the entire package. Another example is a package deal where a mobile phone is sold with a power bank and earphones, where each item is taxed separately but sold together as a single unit.

Why is mixed supply important?
Mixed supply is important under GST as it ensures that transactions involving multiple goods or services sold together are taxed correctly. By applying the GST rate of the highest taxed item, mixed supply prevents potential tax avoidance and ensures that the correct amount of tax is collected. This clarity in taxation helps businesses comply with GST regulations, avoid penalties, and maintain accurate financial records, which is essential for smooth business operations and financial planning.

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