Strategies in option trading
There are various strategies prevalent in options trading, which include the following:
1. Long call strategy
- This strategy involves buying a call option, which gives you the right, but not the obligation, to buy the underlying asset at a specified price (strike price) before or on the expiration date.
- Traders use this strategy when they anticipate the price of the underlying asset to rise significantly.
2. Short call strategy
- In this strategy, you sell a call option without owning the underlying asset.
- You're obligated to sell the underlying asset at the strike price if the option buyer exercises their right.
- Traders use this strategy when they expect the underlying asset's price to remain relatively stable or decrease.
3. Short put strategy
- This strategy involves selling a put option without owning the underlying asset.
- You're obligated to buy the underlying asset at the strike price if the option buyer exercises their right.
- Traders use this strategy when they believe the underlying asset's price will remain stable or increase.
4. Long straddle option strategy
- In a long straddle, you simultaneously buy a call option and a put option with the same strike price and expiration date.
- It's used when you expect a significant price movement in the underlying asset but are uncertain about the direction (up or down).
5. Short straddle strategy
- This strategy involves selling a call option and a put option with the same strike price and expiration date.
- Traders use it when they expect the underlying asset's price to remain relatively stable within a specific range.
6. Long put strategy
- This strategy entails buying a put option, giving you the right to sell the underlying asset at the strike price.
- Traders use this strategy when they anticipate a significant drop in the underlying asset's price.
Each of these strategies has its own risk-reward profile and is chosen based on a trader's outlook on the underlying asset's price movement.
Participants in options trading
Here are the participants who take part in option trading:
- Option Buyer: The option buyer pays a premium to acquire the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell an asset. This trader can choose to exercise the option or let it expire.
- Option Writer/Seller: The writer (seller) collects the premium from the buyer and is obligated to fulfil the contract if the buyer exercises the option—either by selling or purchasing the underlying asset.
- Call Option: A call option grants the buyer the right to purchase the underlying asset at a fixed strike price before or on the expiry date. It’s useful when the trader expects prices to rise.
- Put Option: A put option provides the buyer the right to sell the underlying asset at a fixed strike price before or on the expiry date. It is typically used when expecting a price drop.
Notable terms in options trading
Here are some notable terms in option trading:
- American option: American options are those contracts that can be exercised at any date before their expiry date and also on the expiry date itself.
- European option: European options are those contracts that can be exercised only on the expiration date. Only European options are available in the Indian market.
- Strike price: The strike price is the price at which both parties entered the contract. It is also known as the exercise price.
- Premium: It is the amount that the buyer of an option pays to the seller.
- Expiry date: It is the date specified in an option beyond which the contract becomes invalid.
Note: To trade with options, you’ll need a Demat and trading account with any SEBI-registered broker.
Profitability Scenarios in options trading
Listed below are the three profitability scenarios in options trading:
- In-the-money (ITM): This is the profitability scenario in options trading that results in a positive cash flow to the option holder when executed immediately.
- At-the-money (ATM): In this scenario, the option’s spot price is the same as its strike price. This results in a situation of no profit or no loss when executed right away.
- Out-of-the-Money (OTM): This is a scenario that would result in a loss if executed immediately. OTM options do not have any intrinsic value.
There is often a misconception among people that options involve high risk. Although options trading can result in losses, individuals with sufficient market knowledge will make more profits over time. Options serve different purposes like hedging, speculation, or leveraging. But it is always recommended to acquire knowledge of options before trading.
Advantages of Option trading
Here are some advantages of option trading
1. Cost-efficiency
Options have great leveraging power, allowing investors to obtain an option position similar to a stock position, but at significant cost savings. This makes option trading a more affordable way to invest in the market.
2. Risk reduction
Options contracts can provide investors with risk-reduction strategies. Used as a hedging device, options can help investors protect their portfolios against adverse market movements.
3. Higher percentage returns
Options have the potential to deliver higher percentage returns than other forms of trading. This is because options allow traders to profit from both upward and downward price movements in the underlying asset.
4. Flexibility
Options give traders and investors more flexible and complex strategies such as spread and combinations that can be potentially profitable under any market scenario. This flexibility allows traders to customize their trades according to their specific needs and risk tolerance.
Difference between options trading and other instruments
Option trading is a type of financial trading that allows buyers to purchase the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell an underlying asset at a predetermined price and date. Options trading differs from other financial instruments in several ways. Firstly, options contracts are highly flexible, allowing traders to customise their investment strategies by selecting a variety of variables, including the strike price and expiration date. Secondly, options contracts provide leverage, allowing traders to potentially earn high returns with relatively low capital.
It comes with limited downside risk, making it a safer investment than futures or margin trading. In addition, option trading can be more complex than other financial instruments, as it requires traders to have a good understanding of the underlying asset and market conditions.
Lastly, successful options trading requires good timing and market knowledge, as traders must correctly predict the direction and magnitude of price movements to profit.
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