Financial Inclusion: Meaning, Measures, and Examples

Financial Inclusion: Meaning, Measures, and Examples

Financial inclusion means everyone, including people on low incomes and in remote areas, can use fairly priced, formal financial services: a bank account, payments, savings, insurance and credit. India tracks it through the Reserve Bank of India's (RBI's) FI-Index.

Rs. 40,000 - Rs. 75 lakh

You may be eligible for a pre-approved offer

Enter mobile and OTP | Check offer | No branch visit needed

 
 

In summary

Financial inclusion can be seen as a ladder that starts with a bank account and ends with formal credit. India's RBI FI-Index stood at 70.0 for March 2026, on a scale where 100 means full inclusion. The top rung, credit from a regulated lender such as a Bajaj Finance Personal Loan, depends on a credit record.


  • A bank account is the first rung.
  • Usage carries the largest weight in the RBI index.
  • Credit needs a record built over time.
  • Kavya built hers with a card before taking a Rs. 60,000 loan.

On the credit rung already? Check your loan offer with your phone number and a one-time password (OTP) → apply online → receive funds within 24 hours* of approval.

What does financial inclusion include?

It covers 5 services, commonly reached in order. The table sets out each rung of financial inclusion and what it gives you.


RungWhat it gives youExample
1. Bank accountA safe place to keep and receive moneyBasic savings bank deposit account
2. Digital paymentsPay and receive without cashUPI and debit cards
3. Savings and investmentGrow money over timeRecurring deposits, small savings schemes
4. Insurance and pensionProtection against shocks and old ageLow-premium life, accident and pension schemes
5. Formal creditBorrow from regulated lenders, not moneylendersCredit cards, personal loans

Last updated: 23rd October, 2026


Each rung of financial inclusion builds on the last. A record of payments through a bank account helps when you later apply for credit.

Show More Show Less

How does India measure financial inclusion?

India uses the RBI FI-Index, a single score from 0 to 100 built from access, usage and quality of services. The table shows the latest figures on financial inclusion.


MeasureLatest figure
RBI Financial Inclusion Index (FI-Index), 0 to 10070.0 for March 2026, up from 67.0 for March 2025, according to RBI (July 2026)
FI-Index weightsAccess 35%, usage 45%, quality 20%, according to IANS (July 2025)
Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY) accountsOver 59 crore, with deposits of Rs. 3.17 lakh crore, according to Angel One (August 2026)

Last updated: 23rd October, 2026


The index rose because more people used the services they could already reach. Access alone is not enough for financial inclusion; use and quality matter more.

Show More Show Less

How do you move up to formal credit?

You move up by building a credit record, since lenders need evidence of repayment. A credit card used for small, regular bills and paid in full each month starts that record. Borrowing from a regulated lender, instead of an informal moneylender, keeps costs and terms transparent, which is the point of financial inclusion.


Worked example: Kavya in Tirunelveli

Kavya is 24 and is the first in her family with a salaried job, working as a hospital lab technician in Tirunelveli on Rs. 32,000 a month. She opened a bank account for her salary, then used a credit card for her phone bill for 2 years, reaching a CIBIL score of 705. When she needed Rs. 60,000 for a part-time diploma course, her path through financial inclusion meant she could borrow formally, at an illustrative 17% per annum. She compared the equated monthly instalment (EMI) at 2 tenures.


EMI = P × R × (1 + R)^N ÷ [(1 + R)^N − 1]. Here P = Rs. 60,000, R = 17 ÷ 1,200 and N = months.


TenureMonthly EMI (Rs.)Total interest (Rs.)EMI as share of salary (%)
12 months (1 year)5,4725,66717.1
18 months (1.5 years)3,8008,39711.9

Last updated: 23rd October, 2026


Repaying over 18 months brings each instalment down by Rs. 1,672, with Rs. 2,730 extra in interest. On Rs. 60,000, processing costs at most Rs. 2,478. Kavya picked 18 months, keeping her EMI near 12% of her salary.


What can delay approval: a CIBIL score below 650 or existing EMIs that take up a large share of your income. Names or addresses that do not match across documents, and more than one loan application in the same month, can also slow it down.


Reached the credit rung of financial inclusion? With a Bajaj Finance Personal Loan, you can borrow Rs. 40,000 to Rs. 75 lakh, subject to eligibility. Check your loan offer with your phone number and a one-time password (OTP) → apply online → receive funds within 24 hours* of approval.

Show More Show Less

What does a regulated lender ask for?

Reaching the credit rung of financial inclusion means meeting a lender's criteria. To be eligible for a Bajaj Finance Personal Loan, you need to meet the criteria listed below:


CriterionRequirement
NationalityIndian
Age21 years to 80 years.
Employed withPublic, private, or multinational companies (MNCs).
CIBIL Score650 or higher.
Customer profileSelf-employed or Salaried

*You should be 80 years or younger, at the end of the loan tenure.

Last updated: 23rd October, 2026


Meeting these criteria does not guarantee approval, which depends on eligibility, verification and credit assessment. No collateral or guarantor is required.


You may need the following documents, subject to your profile and application:


Document categoryAccepted options
KYC proofAadhaar/ passport/ voter’s ID/ driving license/ Letter of National Population Register/ NREGA job card
Identity proofPAN card, Real-time image / photograph
Employment proofEmployee ID card, Letter of Allotment of Accommodation Issued by Employer
Income proofSalary slips — last 3 months, Bank account statements — last 3 months
OthersPension order, Utility bill, Phone bill, Piped gas bill, Property / Municipal tax receipt

Not every applicant needs every document. Confirm the final list of required personal loan documents during your application.

Show More Show Less

What does formal credit cost?

Bajaj Finance interest rates and charges on a Personal Loan, a form of financial inclusion at the credit rung, subject to applicable terms and customer eligibility, are listed below:


ChargeAmount
Interest rate10% to 30.5% per annum, subject to applicable terms and customer eligibility
Processing feeUp to 4.13% of the loan amount, inclusive of applicable taxes
Bounce chargesRs. 700 to Rs. 1,200 per bounce
Penal chargeUp to 36% per annum on the overdue instalment
Part-prepayment (Term Loan)Up to 4.72% of the principal prepaid, inclusive of applicable taxes
Foreclosure (Term Loan)Up to 4.72% of the outstanding principal, inclusive of applicable taxes
Part-prepayment (Flexi Dropline and Flexi Hybrid Loans)No charge
Flexi facility chargeRs. 1,999 to Rs. 18,999, inclusive of applicable taxes
Annual maintenance (Flexi Dropline Loan)Up to 0.295% of the Dropline limit
Annual maintenance (Flexi Hybrid Loan)Up to 0.472% in the initial tenure; up to 0.295% in the subsequent tenure

Last updated: 23rd October, 2026

*Terms and conditions apply.


Charges are disclosed in the applicable product information and loan documents, so read your Key Fact Statement before you accept. Add the processing fee to the interest when you compare offers, and see the personal loan interest rates and charges page for details.

Show More Show Less

What still holds people back?

Gaps remain even as the index rises. The table lists common barriers to financial inclusion and what helps.


BarrierEffectWhat helps
No credit recordFormal lenders cannot assess youA small card or loan repaid on time
Low awareness of productsReliance on cash and informal lendersFinancial literacy programmes
Digital fraud riskFear of using appsUsing only regulated lenders and never sharing OTPs

Last updated: 23rd October, 2026


Each barrier to financial inclusion has a fix within reach. The first one is a bank account used every month.

Show More Show Less

How do first-time borrowers apply?

You apply for a Bajaj Finance Personal Loan online in five steps:

  1. Check loan eligibility: Enter the required loan amount and repayment period, then click "CHECK LOAN OFFER".
  2. Enter personal details: Enter personal, financial and employment details to receive a personalised offer.
  3. Loan offer: Review the offer details and adjust the amount or tenure to suit the applicant's needs.
  4. KYC verification: Complete KYC and verify bank details.
  5. Talk to loan specialist: The application is submitted and an executive contacts the applicant about the next steps.

The process may differ for new and existing customers, and some customers may need to provide additional documents. On the offer screen, match the EMI to a line in your monthly budget.

Show More Show Less

Key offerings: 3 loan types

Personal loan interest rate and applicable charges

Type of fee

Applicable charges

Rate of interest per annum

10% to 30.5% p.a.

Processing fees

Up to 4.13% of the loan amount (inclusive of applicable taxes).

Flexi Facility Charge

Term Loan – Not applicable

Flexi Loans –Up To Rs 1,999 To Up To Rs 18,999/- (Inclusive Of Applicable Taxes)

Will be deducted upfront from loan amount.

Bounce charges

Rs. 700 to Rs. 1,200/- per bounce

“Bounce charges” shall mean charges for (i) dishonor of any payment instrument; or (ii) non-payment of instalment (s) on their respective due dates due to dishonor of payment mandate or non-registration of the payment mandate or any other reason.

Part-prepayment charges

Full Pre-payment:

  • Term Loan: Up to 4.72% (Inclusive of applicable taxes) on the outstanding loan amount as on the date of full pre-payment

  • Flexi Term (Dropline) Loan: Up to 4.72% (Inclusive of applicable taxes) on the outstanding loan amount, as on the date of full prepayment.

  • Flexi Hybrid Term Loan: Up to 4.72% (Inclusive of applicable taxes) on the outstanding loan amount, as on the date of full prepayment.

Part Pre-payment

  • Up to 4.72% (Inclusive of applicable taxes) of the principal amount of Loan prepaid on the date of such part Pre-Payment.

  • Not Applicable for Flexi Term (Dropline) Loan and Flexi Hybrid Term Loan.

Penal charge

Delay in payment of instalment(s) shall attract Penal Charge at the rate of up to 36% per annum per instalment from the respective due date until the date of receipt of the full instalment(s) amount.

Stamp duty (as per respective state)

Payable as per state laws and deducted upfront from loan amount.

Annual maintenance charges

Term Loan: Not applicable

Flexi Term (Dropline) Loan:

Up to 0.295% (Inclusive of applicable taxes) of the Dropline limit (as per the repayment schedule) on the date of levy of such charges.


Flexi Hybrid Term Loan:

Up to 0.472% (Inclusive Of Applicable Taxes) Of The Dropline Limit During Initial Tenure. Up to 0.295% (Inclusive Of Applicable Taxes) Of Dropline Limit During Subsequent Tenure

Credit guarantee scheme feeUp to 1.18% p.a. (pro-rated daily till 31st March) (inclusive of all applicable taxes) of the loan amount
Credit guarantee scheme renewal feeUp to 1.18% p.a. (inclusive of all applicable taxes) on the outstanding loan amount as on April 01 of the subsequent Financial Year.
*Renewal Fee to be collected only for 3 subsequent financial years.
 
**If the Remaining Tenure is less than 12 months, the CG Fee in subsequent years shall be charged prorated.

Frequently asked questions

Understanding it

Credit and you

What is financial inclusion in simple words?

It means everyone can use basic, fairly priced financial services from formal providers: a bank account, digital payments, savings, insurance and credit. It matters because people outside the formal system rely on cash and informal lenders, who can charge more and offer less protection. Financial inclusion brings people into regulated services.

The Reserve Bank of India publishes the FI-Index each year, scored from 0 to 100. It combines access, usage and quality, weighted 35%, 45% and 20% when it was introduced. The index stood at 70.0 for March 2026, up from 67.0 a year earlier, mainly because more people used the services available to them.

Start with a small credit card or loan from a regulated lender, use it for regular expenses and repay in full, on time, every month. After 1 to 2 years, your CIBIL report shows a history lenders can assess. Kavya used a card for her phone bill for 2 years before borrowing, a practical route into financial inclusion.

A regulated lender follows Reserve Bank of India rules: it must disclose the rate and all charges in a Key Fact Statement, follow fair recovery practices and report your repayments to credit bureaus. Those reports build your record, the basis of financial inclusion at the credit rung. Informal lenders offer none of these protections, and their costs can be far higher.

Show More Show Less

Disclaimer

Bajaj Finance Limited has the sole and absolute discretion, without assigning any reason to accept or reject any application. Terms and conditions apply*.
For customer support, call Personal Loan IVR: 7757 000 000