Types Of Asset Based Loans

Know about the types of asset-based loans, including loans against property, shares, mutual funds and other secured assets.
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3 mins read
16-January-2026

In the world of business financing, asset-based loans have become an increasingly popular option for companies looking to secure funding. These loans allow businesses to leverage their tangible assets—such as equipment, inventory, or real estate—to obtain the capital they need for growth, expansion, or day-to-day operations. By using assets as collateral, companies are likely to access larger loan amounts, often at lower interest rates, compared to unsecured loans. This article will explore the various types of asset-based loans available, compare their benefits and drawbacks, and provide insights on how to choose the right loan based on your business needs.

What are asset based loans?

Asset-based loans are secured loans where borrowers pledge financial or physical assets as collateral to access funds. These assets may include shares, mutual funds, fixed deposits, insurance policies, property, or business receivables. Since the lender holds a charge on the asset, the risk is lower compared to unsecured loans, resulting in comparatively lower interest rates.

The loan amount is typically a percentage of the asset’s market value, known as the loan-to-value (LTV) ratio. Borrowers continue to retain ownership and, in many cases, enjoy benefits such as dividends or interest during the loan tenure. Asset-based loans are widely used for personal needs, business expansion, or short-term liquidity without selling long-term investments.

How does asset-based lending work?

Asset-based lending follows a structured process where funds are provided against the value of owned assets. The overall mechanism is designed to offer liquidity while minimising lender risk.

  • Asset identification: The borrower selects eligible assets such as shares, mutual funds, fixed deposits, insurance policies, or receivables.

  • Valuation and LTV: The lender assesses the asset’s market value and applies a loan-to-value (LTV) ratio to decide the maximum loan amount.

  • Pledge or lien marking: The asset is pledged or lien-marked in favour of the lender without transferring ownership.

  • Loan disbursal: Funds are released, often quickly, once documentation is completed.

  • Ongoing monitoring: Asset values are periodically reviewed, and margin calls may arise if values fall.

  • Closure: After full repayment, the pledge is removed and the asset is returned to the borrower.

Loan Against Shares
Loan Against Mutual Funds

Types of asset-based loans

Asset-based loans are financing options that are secured by collateral, typically physical assets like real estate, equipment, inventory, or accounts receivable. These loans are a preferred choice for businesses seeking to leverage their assets to access funds. Below is a table highlighting some common types of asset-based loans:

Loan type

Collateral

Typical usage

Secured loans

Various assets

Business expansion, debt consolidation

Inventory financing

Business inventory

Purchasing new stock

ReceivAsset based loanses financing

Accounts receivAsset based loanse

Working capital

Equipment financing

Business equipment

Equipment upgrades or purchases

Real estate asset loans

Property

Real estate investments

 

  1. Secured loans: a type of asset-based loan
    Secured loans are a form of asset-based financing where the borrower pledges assets such as property, equipment, or inventory to secure the loan. The lender holds the right to seize the collateral if the borrower defaults on the loan. This type of financing is advantageous because it often comes with lower interest rates due to the reduced risk for the lender. To explore more about how this works, you can learn about asset-based loans in detail.
  2. Inventory financing: Using inventory as collateral
    Inventory financing involves using a company's inventory as collateral to obtain a loan. This type of asset-based loan is ideal for businesses needing to restock or purchase new inventory. The loan amount is usually a percentage of the inventory's value, allowing businesses to maintain operations during periods of fluctuating cash flow.
  3. Receivables financing: Leveraging accounts receivable
    Receivables financing, also known as invoice financing, allows businesses to obtain funds by leveraging their accounts receivable. In this arrangement, the business sells its invoices to a lender at a discount, receiving immediate cash. This method is beneficial for maintaining cash flow, especially when dealing with clients who have extended payment terms.
  4. Equipment financing: using equipment as collateral
    Equipment financing enables businesses to use their existing or new equipment as collateral for a loan. This financing option is commonly used by companies needing to upgrade their machinery or invest in new equipment to enhance productivity. The loan amount is based on the equipment's value, and the lender may take possession of the equipment if the borrower fails to repay.
  5. Real estate asset-based loans: utilising property as collateral
    Real estate asset-based loans involve using property, such as commercial buildings or land, as collateral for a loan. These loans are particularly advantageous for real estate investors and businesses with valuable property assets. Since real estate generally has a high value, these loans often provide significant funding for business expansion or investment.

Comparison of different types of asset-based loans

Loan type Advantages Drawbacks
Secured loans Lower interest rates, higher loan amounts Risk of asset seizure on default
Inventory financing Quick access to cash, maintains stock levels Loan amount limited to inventory value
Receivables financing Immediate cash flow, reduces payment delays Possible loss on invoice value
Equipment financing Preserves working capital, fixed repayment terms Risk of losing equipment on default
Real estate asset loans Significant funding, longer repayment period Property valuation and market risks

 

Eligibility criteria for asset-based loans

While the specific eligibility criteria can vary between lenders, here are some general factors that are typically considered:

  • Business type: Asset-based lenders often cater to small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).
  • Creditworthiness: A good credit history can enhance your eligibility and potentially secure better terms.
  • Collateral value: The value and liquidity of the collateral you offer will significantly impact the loan amount and interest rate.
  • Repayment capacity: Lenders will assess your business's ability to repay the loan, including your cash flow and revenue generation.
  • Industry and market: The industry you operate in and the market conditions can influence your eligibility.

Benefits and drawbacks of asset-based loans

Benefits:

  • Easier approval: Asset-based loans typically have a simpler approval process compared to unsecured loans because the collateral reduces the lender’s risk.
  • Lower interest rates: Due to the collateral, lenders often offer lower interest rates
  • Flexible usage: Funds obtained through these loans can be used for various business purposes, such as purchasing new inventory, upgrading equipment, or expanding operations.

Drawbacks:

  • Risk of asset loss: The primary risk is the potential loss of the collateral if the loan is not repaid.
  • Valuation complexities: The process of valuing assets can be complex and time-consuming, affecting the loan approval timeline.
  • Restricted borrowing limits: The loan amount is often directly linked to the asset's value, which might limit the funding accessible to the business.

How to choose the right type of asset-based loan for your needs?

When selecting the appropriate asset-based loan, consider the following pointers:

  • Assess your assets: Identify which assets you can use as collateral. Inventory financing is ideal if you have a large stock of goods, whereas equipment financing suits businesses with valuable machinery.
  • Evaluate loan purpose: Determine the purpose of the loan. If you need working capital, receivables financing might be the best fit. For business expansion, a secured loan or real estate asset-based loan could be more suitable.
  • Consider repayment capacity: Review your cash flow and repayment ability to avoid defaulting and losing your collateral.
  • Compare interest rates: Compare interest rates across different loan types to find the most cost-effective option.
  • Understand terms and conditions: Each loan has specific terms; understanding these conditions is crucial to avoid hidden fees or complications.

How to apply for asset-based loans

Here's a step-by-step guide on how to apply for an asset-based loan:

  1. Identify needs: Determine the loan amount and purpose.
  2. Choose a lender: Select a lender specializing in asset-based lending.
  3. Gather documents: Prepare financial statements, tax returns, and collateral details.
  4. Submit application: Submit the application to the lender.
  5. Undergo evaluation: The lender will assess your creditworthiness and collateral.
  6. Negotiate terms: Discuss interest rates, repayment, and fees.
  7. Finalize loan: Complete the loan agreement and receive the funds.

Common misconceptions about asset-based loans

Here are some common misconceptions about asset-based loans:

1. Myth: Only Large Businesses Qualify

  • Reality: While traditionally favored by larger companies, asset based loans has become increasingly accessible to smaller businesses and even startups.

2. Myth: asset based loans Requires Perfect Credit

  • Reality: While good credit is beneficial, asset based loans focuses heavily on the value of your assets. Even businesses with less-than-perfect credit histories can qualify.

3. Myth: The Loan Process is Lengthy and Complex

  • Reality: While some asset based loans arrangements can be complex, the process has become streamlined. Many lenders offer faster approval times and simplified applications.

4. Myth: Personal Guarantees are Always Required

  • Reality: While personal guarantees may be requested in some cases, the primary focus of asset based loans is on business assets.

5. Myth: asset based loans is Only for Working Capital

Reality: While asset based loans can certainly fund working capital needs, it can also be used for a variety of purposes, including:

  • Equipment purchases
  • Expansion projects
  • Mergers and acquisitions
  • Inventory financing

6. Myth: asset based loans is Only for "Desperate" Businesses

  • Reality: asset based loans can be a strategic financing option for businesses of all sizes and stages, even those with strong cash flow. It can provide flexibility and access to capital that may not be available through traditional loans.

7. Myth: asset based loans are Extremely Expensive

  • Reality: While interest rates can vary, asset based loans can be a cost-effective option, especially compared to other forms of financing for businesses with limited credit options.

Conclusion

Asset-based loans provide businesses with flexible financing options by leveraging their assets. From secured loans to inventory and equipment financing, each type offers unique advantages tailored to different business needs. By assessing assets, evaluating loan purposes, and considering repayment capacity, businesses can choose the most suitable asset-based loan to support their growth and operations.

Frequently asked questions

What are examples of assets loans?
Examples of asset loans include real estate loans, where property is used as collateral, inventory financing, where a company’s stock secures the loan, and equipment financing, where machinery is used as collateral to obtain funds.

What is the difference between asset-based loan and asset backed loan?
An asset-based loan uses a company's assets, like inventory or accounts receivable, as collateral, whereas an asset-backed loan involves securitising financial assets, like mortgages or car loans, into marketable securities for investors.

Is it possible to repay an asset-based loan early?

Yes, you can typically repay an asset-based loan early. Most lenders allow for early repayment, although there may be prepayment penalties in some cases.

Can I use multiple assets as collateral for one loan?

Yes, you can generally use multiple assets as collateral for a single asset-based loan. This can include inventory, equipment, real estate, and more.

What happens if I default on an asset-based loan?

If you default on an asset-based loan, the lender can seize the collateral used to secure the loan. This may include selling the assets to recover the outstanding debt.

Are there any fees associated with asset-based loans?

Yes, asset-based loans may have various fees associated with them. These can include origination fees, closing costs, and ongoing fees for services like borrowing base certification.

How long does it take to get approved for an asset-based loan?

The approval process for an asset-based loan can vary depending on the lender and the complexity of the loan. However, many lenders can provide relatively quick approvals, sometimes within a few weeks.

What are the different types of asset-based loans?

Asset-based loans include inventory financing, accounts receivable financing, equipment financing, and real estate financing. These loans allow businesses to leverage their tangible assets to secure working capital or expansion funding, especially when traditional loans are difficult to obtain.

What are examples of asset loans?

Examples of asset loans include using your house, car, business equipment, or investment portfolio as collateral to borrow money. These loans help unlock liquidity tied up in valuable physical or financial assets, providing access to funds without selling the underlying asset.

What is an asset loan?

An asset loan is a secured credit facility where the borrower pledges a valuable asset—like property, equipment, or receivables—as collateral. Lenders assess the asset’s value to determine loan eligibility, often approving even those with weaker credit, provided the asset is strong.

How to get an asset-based loan?

To get an asset-based loan, prepare detailed financials, ensure your asset has stable value, and apply through a lender that specializes in secured loans. Good credit, clean financial history, and assets like receivables or inventory improve your chances of approval.

What is a fixed asset loan?

A fixed asset loan is funding provided to purchase or refinance long-term tangible assets like buildings, machinery, or vehicles. These loans support business growth, infrastructure expansion, and upgrades, and are typically repaid over a longer tenure with the asset as collateral.

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