Reverse Repo Rate

The reverse repo rate is the interest rate at which the central bank (like the Reserve Bank of India) borrows money from commercial banks. It is a monetary policy tool used to manage liquidity by absorbing excess funds from the banking system, with the current rate in India set at 3.35% as of June 2025.
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What is Reverse Repo Rate
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4 mins
04-June-2026

The term “reverse repo rate” is often mentioned in financial news, but many people are not fully aware of its meaning or importance. It is an important part of monetary policy and plays a key role in managing liquidity in the financial system.

In simple terms, the reverse repo rate is the rate at which the central bank borrows money from commercial banks. It helps control the flow of money in the economy and maintains financial stability.

In this article, we will understand what the reverse repo rate means, its purpose, and how it affects selected mutual funds as well as the overall economy.

What is Reverse Repo Rate?

The reverse repo rate is the interest rate at which the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) borrows money from commercial banks. It acts as a benchmark for short-term interest rates in the economy.

In simple terms, when banks have excess funds, they can deposit this money with the RBI and earn interest at this rate. This allows banks to safely manage surplus cash for a short period.

The reverse repo rate is an important monetary policy tool used by the RBI to control money supply and maintain stability. Unlike the repo rate, where the RBI lends to banks, the reverse repo rate involves banks lending money to the RBI.

How does reverse repo work?

To illustrate how the reverse repo rate works, let us consider a hypothetical scenario involving the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and commercial banks.

  • RBI's Need for Funds: Suppose the RBI wants to reduce the excess money supply in the banking system to control inflation. To achieve this, it decides to borrow funds from commercial banks.
  • Setting the Rate: The RBI announces a specific reverse repo rate, say 5%. This rate represents the interest that commercial banks will earn on their temporary deposits with the RBI.
  • Commercial Bank Participation: Commercial banks looking for a secure place to park their excess funds can choose to deposit money with the RBI at the announced reverse repo rate.
  • Securities Exchange: In return for their funds, the RBI provides the commercial banks with government securities as collateral. These securities serve as a guarantee for the repayment of the borrowed funds.
  • Interest Earnings: Commercial banks earn interest on their deposits with the RBI at the specified reverse repo rate. This interest acts as an incentive for banks to participate in these transactions.
  • Impact on the Money Market: As commercial banks divert funds to the RBI through reverse repo transactions, the overall money supply in the market decreases. This reduction can lead to an increase in short-term interest rates in the broader money market.

Current Repo Rate in India

The current repo rate in India is 5.50%. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) last lowered the rate to this level in June 2025 and has kept it unchanged since then.

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The significance of reverse repo rate on Mutual Funds

1. Debt Mutual Funds:

  • Interest Rate Sensitivity: Debt mutual funds primarily invest in fixed-income securities like bonds and debentures. These funds are particularly sensitive to changes in interest rates, including those influenced by the reverse repo rate.
  • Inverse Relationship: Debt funds generally have an inverse relationship with interest rates. When the reverse repo rate rises, yields on new debt instruments tend to increase, causing the prices of existing bonds in the fund's portfolio to fall. This can lead to capital losses for investors.
  • Lower Returns: As the reverse repo rate goes up, debt funds may experience lower returns, making them less attractive to investors seeking stable income.

2. Liquid Mutual Funds:

  • Impact on Yields: Liquid funds invest in very short-term debt instruments, and their returns are closely tied to prevailing interest rates. An increase in the reverse repo rate can lead to higher yields for liquid funds, potentially making them more appealing for short-term investors.
  • Safety and Liquidity: Liquid funds are known for their safety and liquidity, making them a preferred choice for parking surplus funds. Investors may choose these funds when the reverse repo rate is raised, as it can enhance the yield on their investments without taking on significant risk.

3. Equity Mutual Funds:

  • Indirect Influence: Unlike debt funds, equity mutual funds primarily invest in stocks and are not directly impacted by changes in the reverse repo rate.
  • Secondary Effects: However, equity funds can be indirectly affected. If the central bank adjusts the reverse repo rate to control inflation or stimulate economic growth, it can have a broader impact on the economy. This, in turn, can influence corporate earnings, stock market performance, and ultimately the returns of equity mutual funds.
  • Investor Sentiment: Changes in interest rates and economic conditions can also influence investor sentiment, which can impact the demand for equity mutual funds. In times of economic uncertainty, investors may shift their assets from debt funds to equity funds seeking potentially higher returns.

The impact of the reverse repo rate on mutual funds varies depending on the type of fund and its underlying investments. Debt and liquid funds are directly affected by changes in interest rates, while equity funds are influenced indirectly through broader economic factors. Investors should consider their investment objectives and risk tolerance when deciding how changes in the reverse repo rate might affect their mutual fund investments. Additionally, staying informed about central bank policies and economic trends can help investors make informed decisions in a dynamic financial environment.

Impact of Reverse Repo Rate on the Economy

The reverse repo rate is an important monetary policy tool used by the RBI to regulate liquidity, inflation and overall economic activity. By influencing whether banks park funds with the RBI or lend them in the market, it affects multiple areas of the economy.

  • Control of inflation:


    When the RBI increases the reverse repo rate, banks earn higher returns by parking surplus funds with the RBI instead of lending to the public. This reduces liquidity in the system, lowers consumer spending and helps curb inflation.

  • Influence on interest rates:


    The reverse repo rate acts as a reference for short-term interest rates. An increase in the reverse repo rate generally leads to higher borrowing costs for businesses and individuals.

  • Bank liquidity management:


    By adjusting the reverse repo rate, the RBI absorbs excess liquidity during inflationary periods or releases liquidity when economic growth needs support.

  • Encouragement for investment:


    A lower reverse repo rate discourages banks from parking money with the RBI and encourages lending to businesses and individuals, which can boost investment and economic activity.

  • Exchange rate impact:


    An increase in the reverse repo rate can attract foreign capital inflows, potentially strengthening the rupee. Conversely, a reduction may lead to capital outflows and pressure on the currency.

Difference between reverse repo rate and repo rate


 

AspectRepo RateReverse Repo Rate
BorrowerBanksRBI
Lending/BorrowingRBI lends money to banksRBI borrows money from banks
Influence on Liquidity Increases liquidityReduces liquidity
Rate Cut ImplicationEncourages banks to borrow from RBIEncourages banks to deposit with RBI

Impact of reverse repo rate on loans

The reverse repo rate has an indirect impact on loans, including personal loans.

When the RBI increases the reverse repo rate, banks prefer to deposit surplus funds with the RBI instead of lending to customers. As a result, less money is available for lending to individuals and businesses.

This can lead to higher lending interest rates, making loans such as personal loans more expensive. Borrowers may have to pay higher EMIs. It can also reduce the overall demand for credit, as people delay borrowing.

To manage this, borrowers should track changes in repo and reverse repo rates and use EMI calculators to plan their loans carefully.


Conclusion

Reverse repo rate plays a pivotal role in liquidity management, policy implementation, and the control of short-term interest rates. As central banks like the Reserve Bank of India continue to navigate the ever-changing economic landscape, the reverse repo rate becomes an instrument for achieving their monetary policy objectives and ensuring the stability of financial markets and the broader economy.

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Frequently asked questions 

Will RBI reduce repo rate in 2025?

Whether the RBI will reduce the repo rate in 2025 depends on factors such as inflation levels, economic growth, global interest rate trends and domestic liquidity conditions. If inflation remains under control and growth needs support, the RBI may consider rate cuts, but no decision is guaranteed.

What happens if the reverse repo rate increases?

When the reverse repo rate increases, banks prefer parking surplus funds with the RBI instead of lending. This reduces liquidity in the economy, slows down borrowing and spending, and helps control inflation, but may also temper economic growth in the short term.

Who decides the value of the Reverse repo rate?

The value of the Reverse Repo Rate is determined by the central bank of the country, which in India's case is the Reserve Bank of India (RBI).

What is the current Reverse Repo Rate in India?

The current reverse repo rate in India is 3.35%. This is the rate at which the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) pays interest to commercial banks for depositing their surplus funds with the central bank, a tool used to manage liquidity in the banking system

What is the difference between the repo rate and reverse repo rate?

The repo rate is the rate at which the RBI lends money to commercial banks, while the reverse repo rate is the rate at which commercial banks can park their surplus funds with RBI.

What is an example of a reverse repo?

A reverse repo can occur when there's a need to connect a party with surplus cash to another party with securities available for lending. For instance, a money market fund often accumulates substantial cash from customer deposits. In such cases, the money market fund might engage in a reverse repo, where it acquires securities from a bank or hedge fund in need of temporary cash. This strategy enables the money market fund to generate returns on its cash as it subsequently repurchases the securities at a higher price.

Why is reverse repo rate important?

The RBI employs the reverse repo rate to regulate the money supply within the system by influencing various factors:

  • Banks are inclined to deposit funds with the RBI due to its safety and attractive interest rates, leading to decreased liquidity in the system.
  • To curb inflation, the RBI raises the reverse repo rate, encouraging banks to prioritise parking money with the RBI over lending, thereby reducing the overall money supply and controlling inflation.
  • A higher reverse repo rate may contribute to the strengthening of the rupee by further limiting the money supply in the economy.
What is affected by a Change in Repo Rate?

A change in the repo rate affects the overall cost of borrowing in the economy. When the repo rate is increased, borrowing becomes more expensive, leading to reduced spending and investment. Conversely, a decrease in the repo rate makes borrowing cheaper, stimulating economic activity.

Who decides the repo rate?

The repo rate is described by Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) of the Reserve Bank of India

How does a change in the reverse repo rate affect inflation?

A change in the reverse repo rate affects how banks manage their surplus funds. When the rate increases, banks prefer to park more money with the central bank, reducing liquidity in the market. Lower liquidity means less lending and lower spending, which helps reduce inflation. Conversely, a lower reverse repo rate encourages banks to lend more, increasing money supply and demand, which can push inflation upwards over time in economy.

Can the reverse repo rate impact loan interest rates?

Yes, the reverse repo rate can indirectly impact loan interest rates. When the central bank raises the reverse repo rate, banks prefer to park excess funds with it rather than lend. This reduces the money available for loans, which can push lending rates higher. Conversely, a lower reverse repo rate encourages banks to lend more, increasing liquidity and potentially leading to lower loan interest rates for borrowers in the market.

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