What is a defibrillator?
A defibrillator is a medical device that delivers an electric shock to the heart to correct dangerous abnormal heart rhythms, known as arrhythmias. It is mainly used in conditions such as ventricular tachycardia without a pulse and ventricular fibrillation. These arrhythmias occur in the ventricles, which are the lower chambers of the heart, and the shock helps restore the heart to a normal rhythm.
Who can use a defibrillator?
People experiencing these arrhythmias can receive treatment in a hospital or in places equipped with an automated external defibrillator. However, individuals who have a higher risk of developing life-threatening heart rhythm problems may require a personal defibrillator that stays with them at all times.
Why is a defibrillator used?
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) offers temporary support during a cardiac emergency, but a defibrillator plays a critical role in improving survival during sudden cardiac arrest. A defibrillator can also be used even if the person already has a pacemaker or an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD).
How does a defibrillator work?
Here’s how a defibrillator works:
- Continue CPR: While waiting for the defibrillator to be ready, continue performing CPR to maintain blood circulation.
- Ensure safety: Before delivering the shock, make sure no one is touching the person or the bed to avoid accidental shock.
- Use of AED: If an automated external defibrillator (AED) is used, the device analyses the heart rhythm and determines whether a shock is required. It also provides voice instructions for proper use.
- Place the pads or paddles: Two pads or paddles connected to the defibrillator are placed on the chest—one below the right shoulder and the other below the left side of the chest.
- Apply conducting material: Adhesive pads already contain conducting material. If handheld paddles are used, a conductive gel is applied to the chest to prevent burns.
- Deliver the shock: For adhesive pads, the shock is delivered by pressing the machine’s button. For handheld paddles, the buttons on both paddles are pressed simultaneously.
Restore heart rhythm: The electrical shock briefly stops the heart’s abnormal activity, allowing it to restart with a normal rhythm.
Types of defibrillators
Defibrillators come in various types, each tailored to specific medical needs:
- Automated External Defibrillators (AEDs): These are portable and easy-to-use medical equipment commonly placed in public locations such as airports, offices and malls. AEDs are designed so that even bystanders with minimal training can use them to respond quickly during sudden cardiac arrest.
- Manual External Defibrillators: These devices are typically used by trained healthcare professionals in hospitals and ambulances. They allow doctors to manually control the energy levels and interpret heart rhythms through ECG monitoring. As critical medical equipment, their manufacturing and regulation in India fall under the oversight of CDSCO.
- Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators (ICDs): These are small devices surgically implanted inside the body to continuously monitor heart rhythm. If a dangerous arrhythmia is detected, the device automatically delivers an electrical shock to restore a normal heartbeat. Such implantable medical equipment must comply with safety and quality standards regulated by CDSCO.
- Wearable Cardioverter Defibrillators (WCDs): These are wearable systems that include a vest connected to a battery pack. They are typically used by high-risk patients who need temporary protection from life-threatening arrhythmias until a long-term treatment is decided. Like other advanced medical equipment, these devices are also regulated under CDSCO guidelines in India.
What to expect after using a defibrillator
The first responder or healthcare provider will continue CPR for about two minutes and then check for a pulse to see if the heart rhythm has returned to normal. If the heart has not stabilised, CPR may be continued, and another electrical shock may be delivered.
If defibrillation is not successful initially, medications such as epinephrine or amiodarone may be administered to help correct the abnormal heart rhythm.
If blood circulation is restored but the person remains unconscious, the healthcare team may lower the body temperature to around 32 to 36 degrees Celsius to help protect brain function and support recovery. Once the patient’s condition becomes stable, further procedures such as cardiac catheterisation may be performed to identify and treat the underlying cause.
Advantages of a defibrillator
- Life-saving: Defibrillators are capable of restoring normal heart rhythm in cases of cardiac arrest, potentially saving lives.
- Accessibility: With the increasing availability of automated external defibrillators (AEDs) in public spaces, such as airports, schools, and sports facilities, prompt intervention is possible, even before emergency medical services arrive.
- Ease of use: Many modern defibrillators, especially AEDs, are designed for use by non-medical personnel. They provide clear audio and visual prompts, making them accessible to laypeople during emergencies.
- Portability: Defibrillators are available in compact, portable designs, allowing for quick deployment in various settings, including homes, workplaces, and public areas.
- Reduced response time: The immediate availability of a defibrillator can significantly reduce the time to treatment, increasing the likelihood of a positive outcome for the patient.
- Improved survival rates: Studies have shown that early defibrillation, within the first few minutes of cardiac arrest, can substantially improve survival rates and reduce the risk of long-term complications.
Risks of a defibrillator
A defibrillator should only be used in cases of ventricular tachycardia without a pulse or ventricular fibrillation. Using it for other types of arrhythmias may worsen the condition and could trigger ventricular fibrillation or even lead to cardiac arrest.
Defibrillator Machine Price in India
| Machine Type | Average Price (INR) | Essential Features |
| Manual Biphasic (Entry Level) | ₹1,05,000 -₹1,40,000 | Manual energy selection, 5-7 inch display, Thermal printer. |
| Biphasic with SpO2 & NIBP | ₹1,80,000 -₹2,40,000 | Adds Oxygen saturation and Blood Pressure monitoring. |
| Advanced Biphasic with Pacer | ₹2,80,000 -₹3,50,000 | Includes External Pacing for slow heart rates. |
| Monophasic (Manual) | ₹95,000 -₹1,20,000 | Older high-energy technology (limited availability). |
Choosing the right defibrillator machine
To select the right defibrillator, it is important to prioritise usability, safety, durability, and overall value. Choose a device that offers clear instructions, dependable performance, and features suited to the intended setting and users. If paediatric use is a possibility, ensure the device supports it. Strong warranty coverage, compliance with regulations, and proper training with ongoing support are also essential for effective and safe use.
Key factors to consider:
- Ease of use: Clear visual and audio prompts suitable for users with minimal training
- Environment: Water-resistant, dustproof, or high IP-rated models for outdoor or challenging conditions
- User type: Options between fully automatic (auto shock) and semi-automatic (manual shock button) models
- Paediatric use: Availability of paediatric pads, a child key, or child mode, where children may need treatment
- Durability: Rugged, impact-tested devices designed for demanding environments
- Readiness: Long-life batteries and pads, built-in self-checks, and remote monitoring capability
- Advanced features: CPR guidance, feedback systems, and ECG or event data recording
- Training: Access to proper training for safe and confident operation
- Cost: Consider overall ownership, including accessories and replacement parts
- Warranty and support: Dependable warranty terms with responsive service support
- Compliance: Must meet local safety and regulatory standards
Financing options for purchasing defibrillator machine
Explore financing options, such as medical equipment loans, to make defibrillator purchases more accessible. Bajaj Finance offers medical equipment financing, including defibrillators.
Having a defibrillator can be a life-saving investment, offering prompt intervention in cardiac emergencies. Understanding the types, proper usage, and financing options ensures preparedness for critical situations. Explore Bajaj Finserv Doctor Loan and loan for professionals for comprehensive financial solutions in the medical field.
