Difference Between BS4 and BS6 Cars

Discover the key differences between BS4 and BS6 engines, vehicles, and emissions standards. Understand how BS6 is different from BS4, its impact on car performance, and the implications for motor insurance.
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3 min
01-July-2024

How BS6 is different from BS4 engines?

BS4 and BS6 are emission standards set by the Indian government to regulate the output of air pollutants from internal combustion engines. The BS6 norms are significantly more stringent than the BS4 standards, aiming to reduce pollution and improve air quality.

  • Stringent emission norms: BS6 regulations are stricter and enforce lower limits on pollutants such as nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate matter (PM), hydrocarbons (HC), and carbon monoxide (CO).
  • Fuel compatibility: BS6 engines require BS6 fuel, which has a lower sulfur content, reducing emissions and improving engine longevity.
  • Advanced technology: BS6 engines incorporate advanced technologies like selective catalytic reduction (SCR), diesel particulate filters (DPF), and upgraded electronic control units (ECU) to meet the stringent norms.

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Difference between BS4 and BS6 automobile engines

The difference between BS4 and BS6 engines lies in their design, technology, and emission control strategies.

  • Emission control technologies:
    • BS4: Utilises basic emission control systems like exhaust gas recirculation (EGR).
    • BS6: Incorporates advanced technologies such as SCR, DPF, and lean NOx traps (LNT).
  • Fuel injection system:
    • BS4: Uses conventional fuel injection systems.
    • BS6: Employs advanced fuel injection systems with higher precision and pressure to ensure complete combustion and lower emissions.
  • On-board diagnostics (OBD):
    • BS4: Limited OBD capabilities.
    • BS6: Enhanced OBD systems to monitor and report real-time emissions performance.

BS6 and BS4 engine emission levels

The emission levels for BS4 and BS6 engines are markedly different, reflecting the stricter standards set by BS6 norms.

  • Nitrogen Oxides (NOx):
    • BS4: 80 mg/km for petrol, 250 mg/km for diesel.
    • BS6: 60 mg/km for petrol, 80 mg/km for diesel
  • Particulate Matter (PM):
    • BS4: Not regulated for petrol, 25 mg/km for diesel.
    • BS6: 4.5 mg/km for both petrol and diesel.
  • Hydrocarbons (HC):
    • BS4: 100 mg/km.
    • BS6: 100 mg/km for petrol, 170 mg/km for diesel.

How does a BS6 engine work?

BS6 engines work by integrating multiple advanced technologies to reduce emissions and improve efficiency.

  • Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR): Injects urea into the exhaust stream to convert NOx into harmless nitrogen and water.
  • Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF): Captures and stores soot particles, which are periodically burned off during regeneration cycles.
  • Lean NOx Traps (LNT): Absorbs NOx during lean operation and releases it during rich operation for conversion into nitrogen.

Effect of BS6 emission norms on the bike performance

The implementation of BS6 emission norms has influenced the performance and design of bikes.

  • Engine performance:
    • Reduced emissions lead to cleaner engines but may also slightly reduce performance due to restricted exhaust flow.
    • Advanced fuel injection systems improve combustion efficiency, partially offsetting performance losses.
  • Fuel efficiency:
    • Improved fuel efficiency due to better combustion and lower emissions.
  • Maintenance:
    • Increased complexity in maintenance due to advanced emission control systems.

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Frequently asked questions

Which engine is better, BS4 or BS6?
BS6 engines are better due to stricter emission norms, advanced technology, and lower environmental impact.
How do I know if my engine is BS4 or BS6?
Check the registration certificate (RC) or the compliance plate on your vehicle, which indicates the emission standard.
What is the disadvantage of BS6 engine?
BS6 engines can be more expensive to maintain and require higher quality fuel, which can increase running costs.
What is the advantage of BS4 engine?
BS4 engines are cheaper to maintain and can use lower grade fuel, making them more economical in the short term.
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