Diarrhoea: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

This guide covers everything you need to know about diarrhoea, from causes and symptoms to effective treatment methods. Stay informed for better health management.
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3 min
10-February-2025
Diarrhoea is a common health issue that affects individuals across all age groups. It is characterised by the frequent passing of loose or watery stools and is often accompanied by symptoms such as abdominal cramps, dehydration, or nausea. While diarrhoea is typically caused by mild infections or dietary issues, it can sometimes indicate serious underlying health problems if left untreated. In India, where access to clean water and food safety practices can vary, diarrhoea remains a significant concern. Proper awareness of its causes, symptoms, prevention methods, and treatment options can play a crucial role in managing this condition effectively. This guide aims to provide a detailed understanding of diarrhoea, including actionable tips to maintain digestive health and avoid complications.

Common causes of diarrhoea: What you need to know

Diarrhoea has multiple causes, ranging from infections to lifestyle factors. Identifying these causes can help in effective prevention and management. Below are the most common reasons for diarrhoea, highlighting their significance.

Infections from bacteria, viruses, or parasites due to contaminated food or water.

Food intolerances, like lactose intolerance, triggering digestive discomfort.

Medications, such as antibiotics, disrupting gut flora.

Poor hygiene practices, including inadequate handwashing.

Drinking untreated or unfiltered water.

Stress and anxiety, affecting normal digestion.

Chronic conditions like irritable bowel syndrome or inflammatory bowel disease.

Symptoms of diarrhoea: Identifying the signs

Early identification of diarrhoea symptoms is critical for timely treatment and prevention of complications. Below are the common symptoms to look out for.

Frequent loose or watery stools.

Abdominal cramps or discomfort.

Nausea and vomiting.

Signs of dehydration, such as dark urine or extreme thirst.

Fever, often indicating an underlying infection.

Bloating or a feeling of fullness.

Sudden urgency to pass stools multiple times a day.

How to manage and treat diarrhoea effectively?

Managing diarrhoea involves addressing the underlying cause and focusing on recovery. The following steps can help in effective treatment.

Drink plenty of oral rehydration solutions (ORS) to prevent dehydration.

Consume light, bland foods such as rice, bananas, and toast.

Avoid spicy, fatty, or dairy-rich foods during an episode.

Take probiotics to restore gut bacteria balance.

Use over-the-counter anti-diarrhoeal medications cautiously.

Maintain proper hygiene during and after an episode.

Ensure adequate rest to allow the body to recover.

Preventing diarrhoea: Tips for better digestive health

Preventing diarrhoea requires adopting safe and healthy practices. By following these tips, you can reduce the risk of diarrhoea and its associated complications.

Wash hands thoroughly with soap before eating and after using the toilet.

Drink only filtered or boiled water to avoid waterborne diseases.

Avoid eating street food or raw produce from unreliable sources.

Store and cook food properly to prevent contamination.

Incorporate probiotics and fibre-rich foods into your diet.

Get vaccinated against rotavirus and other infections.

Practice general cleanliness in and around the kitchen.

When to see a doctor: Serious symptoms of diarrhoea?

Certain symptoms of diarrhoea require immediate medical attention to prevent severe complications. Below are the warning signs to act upon.

Diarrhoea persisting for more than two days.

Severe dehydration, indicated by reduced urine, dry mouth, or confusion.

High fever that does not subside.

Blood in the stool or dark, tarry stools.

Severe abdominal pain or persistent cramps.

Chronic conditions worsened by diarrhoea, such as diabetes.

Continuous vomiting preventing fluid intake.

Conclusion

Diarrhoea is a manageable condition with proper awareness and timely intervention. Knowing its causes, symptoms, and treatment options is crucial for effective care. Adopting preventive measures such as practicing good hygiene, drinking clean water, and eating safely prepared food can significantly reduce the risk of diarrhoea.

While most cases can be managed at home, severe symptoms may require medical attention. Having the right health insurance ensures quick access to quality healthcare without financial strain. Bajaj Finserv offers a hassle-free way to compare and choose from a range of health insurance plans, providing peace of mind during unexpected health concerns.

Stay vigilant, take preventive measures, and secure your health with the right coverage to ensure overall well-being.

Frequently asked questions

What are the main causes of diarrhoea?
Diarrhoea is primarily caused by infections from bacteria, viruses, or parasites due to contaminated food or water. Other causes include food intolerances, such as lactose intolerance, medications that disrupt gut flora, and poor hygiene practices. Chronic conditions like irritable bowel syndrome and stress can also lead to diarrhoea. Identifying the cause helps manage the condition effectively.

How can diarrhoea be treated at home?
Treating diarrhoea at home involves staying hydrated with oral rehydration solutions (ORS) to replace lost fluids and electrolytes. Eat light, easily digestible foods like rice and bananas while avoiding spicy or fatty meals. Probiotics can help restore gut balance. Adequate rest is essential for recovery. Over-the-counter medicines may help but consult a doctor if symptoms persist.

When should I consult a doctor for diarrhoea?
Consult a doctor if diarrhoea persists for more than two days, or if symptoms like bloody stools, severe abdominal pain, or high fever occur. Signs of dehydration, such as dry mouth, sunken eyes, or reduced urine output, also require medical attention. Seek immediate care for chronic conditions aggravated by diarrhoea or continuous vomiting.

What are the symptoms of severe diarrhoea?
Severe diarrhoea symptoms include frequent watery stools, intense abdominal cramps, high fever, nausea, and dehydration. Signs of dehydration include dry mouth, reduced urine, and dark-coloured urine. Bloody stools or persistent diarrhoea lasting more than two days also indicate severity. Continuous vomiting that prevents fluid intake is another critical symptom.

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