Appendicitis

Appendicitis is the inflammation of the appendix, a small organ attached to the large intestine. It typically causes severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and fever, requiring prompt medical attention to avoid complications.
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3 min
16-February-2026

Appendicitis is a serious medical condition caused by inflammation of the appendix — a small, finger-shaped pouch attached to the large intestine. Although the exact function of the appendix remains uncertain, inflammation or infection of this organ requires immediate medical care.

The condition often begins with mild pain around the navel that gradually shifts to the lower right side of the abdomen. If not treated promptly, appendicitis can worsen rapidly and may lead to a ruptured appendix, resulting in severe and potentially life-threatening complications. Recognising early warning signs, understanding possible causes, and seeking timely medical attention are crucial for effective treatment.

If you or someone around you experiences ongoing abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, or fever, do not ignore the symptoms. It may be more than a simple stomach problem — early diagnosis and treatment are essential for a safe recovery.

What is appendicitis?

Appendicitis occurs when the appendix becomes inflamed. It typically causes sudden, sharp pain in the lower right side of the abdomen. The appendix is a small, finger-sized pouch attached to the beginning of the large intestine. In some cases, stool (feces) passing through the intestine can block or infect the appendix, leading to swelling and inflammation. If the swelling becomes severe, the appendix may rupture.

A ruptured appendix is a medical emergency. When it bursts, bacteria from the intestines can spread into the abdominal cavity, causing an infection known as peritonitis. This infection may enter the bloodstream and result in a serious, potentially life-threatening condition called sepsis.

Due to these risks, the standard treatment for appendicitis is surgical removal of the appendix, a procedure called an appendectomy. Since the appendix is not a vital organ, its removal does not affect normal body function.

What is acute appendicitis vs. chronic appendicitis?

Appendicitis is typically an acute condition, meaning it starts suddenly and escalates quickly — this is the most common form and the one most people are familiar with. Acute appendicitis often requires immediate medical attention due to the rapid onset and progression of symptoms.

Chronic appendicitis, on the other hand, is quite rare and less understood. It involves long-term, intermittent inflammation of the appendix that doesn't intensify the way acute appendicitis does. The symptoms may come and go, making it harder to detect or diagnose.

Because chronic appendicitis can suddenly flare up and become acute, healthcare providers treat both conditions seriously. If you're experiencing ongoing abdominal discomfort with no clear cause, it's important to consult a medical professional. Early diagnosis can prevent complications and ensure appropriate treatment, even if symptoms aren’t severe at the outset.

How common is Appendicitis?

Appendicitis disease is one of the most common causes of sudden abdominal pain requiring surgery. It typically affects people between the ages of 10 and 30 but can occur at any age. Studies show that about 5–10% of the population may develop appendicitis during their lifetime, making early detection crucial.

What are the early signs of appendicitis?

In a typical case of appendicitis, the abdominal pain often starts near the belly button, feeling vague or coming and going for a few hours. As time progresses, the discomfort intensifies, often accompanied by nausea and vomiting. Eventually, the pain moves to the lower right side of the abdomen—where the appendix is located—and becomes sharper and more persistent.

Common symptoms of appendicitis you should know

The hallmark symptoms of appendicitis include abdominal pain, nausea, and a reduced appetite. While these signs often follow a recognizable pattern that can help identify the condition, only about half of people with appendicitis display the classic presentation. Children, older adults, and pregnant individuals are more likely to have atypical or less predictable signs. For anyone searching appendix inflammation symptoms (informational intent): remember symptoms can vary—seek prompt medical care for persistent or worsening abdominal pain, especially if it shifts to the lower right side or is accompanied by fever or vomiting.

Nausea and vomiting often accompany appendicitis, making it difficult to eat or drink. A fever may develop as the body fights the infection, sometimes accompanied by chills. Changes in bowel habits, such as constipation or diarrhoea, can also occur. In some cases, swelling in the abdomen and an overall feeling of discomfort may indicate that the appendix is inflamed.

It is important to note that symptoms can vary, particularly in children, pregnant women, and elderly individuals, who may not experience the classic lower-right abdominal pain. This variation can make appendicitis difficult to diagnose, requiring careful medical assessment.

What are other possible symptoms of appendicitis?

Some individuals may experience additional symptoms as appendicitis progresses, including signs that may indicate the need for urgent medical care. Recognising worsening appendectomy signs and symptoms—such as severe abdominal tenderness, high fever, persistent vomiting, and abdominal swelling—can help determine when surgical removal of the appendix becomes necessary to prevent complications.

Some individuals may experience additional symptoms as appendicitis progresses, including:

  • Fever: Around 40% of people develop a fever, signaling a heightened immune response or the possible spread of infection.
  • Malaise: A general sense of being unwell, marked by fatigue and a desire to rest, similar to how one feels during other illnesses.
  • Abdominal bloating: A swollen or distended belly may occur, often indicating advanced inflammation or a potential rupture.
  • Urinary symptoms: Increased frequency or urgency in urination may result from irritation of nearby nerves affecting the bladder.
  • Bowel changes: Blood flow diversion can slow bowel activity, leading to constipation or difficulty passing gas—some may feel relief would come from a bowel movement.
  • Diarrhea: In contrast, some may have looser or more frequent stools due to irritation of the colon near the appendix.

How to check appendicitis at home?

If you think you might have appendicitis, it’s essential to see a healthcare provider—self-diagnosis isn’t a substitute for medical evaluation. However, certain physical signs can offer clues. A key symptom is abdominal pain that starts near the navel and gradually shifts to the lower right side. Here are some indicators doctors look for:

  • McBurney’s sign: Tenderness at a specific point between your belly button and right hip (known as McBurney’s point) is a common exam finding.
  • Blumberg’s sign: Pain that intensifies when pressure is released rather than applied, also known as rebound tenderness.
  • Dunphy’s sign: Pain that worsens when coughing.
  • Rovsing’s sign: Pressing on the lower left side of your abdomen causes pain on the lower right side.
  • Psoas and obturator signs: If the appendix is positioned behind the colon, moving or stretching your right hip may trigger pain. Flexing it may relieve discomfort, while rotating it inward or extending it may increase the pain.

These signs help doctors assess appendicitis, but only a proper medical exam and tests can confirm the diagnosis.

What are other conditions that can be confused with appendicitis?

Appendicitis symptoms can often mimic those of several other health issues, making it tricky to diagnose—especially in females. Since the appendix sits close to the pelvic area, conditions involving pelvic organs, the urinary system, or nearby digestive structures may cause similar lower abdominal pain.

Some common medical conditions that can be mistaken for appendicitis include:

  • Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
  • Endometriosis
  • Ovarian cysts
  • Kidney stones
  • Urinary tract infections (UTIs)
  • Pancreatitis
  • Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
  • Diverticulitis
  • Gastroenteritis
  • Intestinal blockage or obstruction

If you're experiencing persistent or severe abdominal pain, a proper diagnosis from a healthcare provider is key to ruling out these possibilities.

What are the causes of Appendicitis?

Appendicitis occurs when the appendix becomes blocked or infected, leading to inflammation. Understanding the common appendicitis causes is important, as several factors can contribute to its development and increase the risk of an appendicitis attack, including blockages from stool, infections, or swelling of lymphatic tissue.

Common causes of inflammation, obstruction, and infection of the appendix include:

  • Hardened stool (appendix stones): Small, hardened pieces of stool known as fecaliths, appendicoliths, or appendix stones can become lodged at the opening of the appendix. These deposits may carry bacteria and also trap existing bacteria inside, creating an environment for infection to develop.
  • Lymphoid hyperplasia: The lymphatic system helps defend the body against infections by producing white blood cells. When the body fights an infection elsewhere, lymphoid tissue in the appendix may swell as part of the immune response. This swelling can block the appendix and increase the risk of infection within it.
  • Colitis: Inflammation of the colon caused by infections or inflammatory bowel diseases (such as Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis) can extend to or irritate the appendix. The inflammation or spread of infection may trigger appendicitis.

Other less common factors that may obstruct the appendix include:

  • Tumors: Abnormal growths in or near the appendix can block its opening.
  • Parasites: Certain parasitic infections may contribute to blockage or inflammation.
  • Cystic fibrosis: Thick mucus associated with this genetic condition can increase the likelihood of obstruction.

Because obstruction is often the first step in the development of appendicitis, identifying symptoms early and seeking medical care promptly is essential to prevent complications such as rupture.

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What causes chronic appendicitis?

Chronic appendicitis is less common and often misunderstood. It occurs when the appendix becomes inflamed intermittently over a longer period. Some possible appendicitis causes include partial obstruction of the appendix by hardened stool (fecalith), an infection, or a buildup of lymphatic tissue. These factors may irritate the appendix without causing a full-blown acute attack.

Is Appendicitis genetic?

  • Appendicitis is not directly inherited like some genetic disorders.
  •  
  • However, research suggests a possible genetic predisposition.
  • Having close family members (parents or siblings) with appendicitis may slightly increase your risk.
  • Shared anatomical features or immune response patterns within families may contribute to this higher likelihood.

Can stress cause Appendicitis?

  • Stress does not directly cause appendicitis.
  • Emotional or physical stress may weaken immune response in some individuals.
  • Stress can worsen abdominal discomfort, making symptoms feel more intense.
  • The primary cause of appendicitis remains blockage or infection of the appendix.

Can food cause Appendicitis?

  • Diets low in fibre may increase the risk of constipation.
  • Constipation can contribute to blockage of the appendix opening.
  • There is no strong scientific evidence that specific foods directly cause appendicitis.
  • Seeds and small food particles are often blamed, but research supporting this is limited.

What Are the Possible Complications of Appendicitis?

If left untreated, appendicitis can lead to several serious complications:

  • Appendix rupture: A burst appendix releases infectious material into the abdomen.
  • Peritonitis: A dangerous infection of the abdominal lining requiring immediate treatment.
  • Abscess formation: Pockets of pus may form around the appendix, often needing drainage.
  • Sepsis: A severe, life-threatening infection that spreads through the bloodstream.
  • Intestinal blockage: Inflammation can lead to temporary or lasting obstruction in the bowels.
  • Delayed recovery: A ruptured appendix requires longer hospitalization and recovery time.

Early diagnosis and treatment are key to avoiding these outcomes.

How Is Appendicitis diagnosed?

Doctors use a combination of medical history, physical examinations, and diagnostic tests to confirm appendicitis. Since other conditions can cause similar symptoms, a thorough evaluation is necessary to ensure an accurate diagnosis.

Methods used to diagnose appendicitis:

  • Physical examination – A doctor will assess the abdomen for tenderness, swelling, and rebound pain (pain that worsens when pressure is released).
  • Blood tests – A high white blood cell count can indicate an infection, helping doctors identify potential appendicitis.
  • Urine test – A urinalysis can rule out urinary tract infections or kidney stones, which may mimic appendicitis symptoms.
  • Imaging tests – Ultrasound, CT scans, or MRI scans help doctors visualise the appendix, confirming inflammation or rupture.
  • Observation – In some cases, doctors may monitor symptoms over time before making a final diagnosis, particularly if the condition is unclear.

Early diagnosis of appendicitis is crucial, as untreated appendicitis can lead to complications such as a ruptured appendix, which requires emergency surgery. Seeking medical attention at the first sign of symptoms can help prevent serious health risks.

When should you seek medical help for appendicitis?

Appendicitis can worsen quickly, so it is essential to seek medical help as soon as symptoms appear. If left untreated, the appendix may rupture, leading to severe complications such as peritonitis, a life-threatening infection. Recognising when to see a doctor can prevent serious health risks and ensure timely treatment.

Signs that require immediate medical attention:

  • Persistent abdominal pain – If you experience sharp, worsening pain in the lower right side of your abdomen, seek medical help immediately.
  • Severe nausea and vomiting – Frequent vomiting, combined with stomach pain, may indicate appendicitis and should not be ignored.
  • High fever and chills – A rising fever accompanied by abdominal pain could signal an advanced infection requiring urgent care.
  • Difficulty passing gas or bloating – If you are unable to release gas or feel extreme bloating, it may indicate a blocked appendix.
  • Pain that worsens with movement – If coughing, sneezing, or walking causes increased abdominal pain, it may be a sign of appendicitis.

Can appendicitis be prevented?

There is no guaranteed way to prevent appendicitis, as it can develop suddenly and without warning. However, certain lifestyle and dietary choices may help reduce the risk by supporting a healthy digestive system and minimising inflammation.

Ways to lower the risk of appendicitis:

  • Maintain a high-fibre diet – Eating plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains helps prevent constipation, which may reduce the risk of blockages in the appendix.
  • Stay hydrated – Drinking sufficient water aids digestion and helps prevent intestinal obstructions that can contribute to appendicitis.
  • Avoid processed foods – Diets high in processed and low-fibre foods can contribute to poor gut health, increasing the likelihood of digestive issues.
  • Manage infections properly – Treating gastrointestinal infections promptly may prevent the spread of bacteria that could inflame the appendix.
  • Regular exercise – Physical activity helps promote healthy digestion and circulation, which may indirectly support overall gut health.

While these measures do not guarantee the prevention of appendicitis, they contribute to overall digestive health, potentially lowering the risk of inflammation-related conditions.

What is the treatment for appendicitis?

The most common appendicitis treatment involves prompt medical intervention to prevent complications. Treatment options generally include medication for symptom management and surgery to remove the inflamed appendix.

Medication

In some cases, especially early or mild appendicitis, doctors may start with antibiotics to reduce infection and inflammation. Medication can help manage pain and control symptoms temporarily, but it’s usually a short-term solution. Antibiotics alone might be suitable for select patients, but monitoring is essential as surgery is often recommended to avoid recurrence.

Surgery

Surgery, specifically an appendectomy, is the definitive treatment for appendicitis. It involves removing the inflamed appendix to prevent rupture and further complications. Appendectomy can be done via traditional open surgery or minimally invasive laparoscopic methods, which often lead to quicker recovery and less scarring.

What happens if Appendicitis is not treated?

If appendicitis is not treated promptly, the inflammation can worsen and cause the appendix to rupture. A burst appendix releases bacteria into the abdominal cavity, leading to a serious infection called peritonitis. This condition can spread quickly and become life-threatening if not managed immediately. In some cases, an abscess (a pocket of pus) may form around the ruptured appendix. Delayed treatment increases the risk of severe complications, prolonged hospital stays, and recovery time. Early medical intervention is essential to prevent these dangerous outcomes.

What is the recovery time after appendectomy?

Recovery time after an appendectomy for appendicitis disease typically ranges from one to three weeks, depending on the surgical method and individual health. Minimally invasive surgery usually allows faster healing and a quicker return to normal activities.

Conclusion

Appendicitis is a serious condition that requires prompt medical attention. Recognising the early symptoms, understanding its causes, and seeking timely diagnosis can prevent complications such as a ruptured appendix. While there is no foolproof way to prevent appendicitis, maintaining a fibre-rich diet, staying hydrated, and leading a healthy lifestyle may help support digestive health. If you experience persistent abdominal pain or other symptoms of appendicitis, it is crucial to seek medical care immediately to avoid life-threatening complications.For those seeking a convenient and reliable way to explore health insurance plans, consider Bajaj Finance Insurance Mall. We partner with numerous insurers, providing a diverse selection of health plans to cater to varying needs and budgets. Our online platform allows you to effortlessly compare policies, and select the ideal plan to safeguard your health and finances. With Bajaj Finserv, securing the right health insurance coverage is a hassle-free and informed decision.

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Frequently asked questions

What are the most common symptoms of appendicitis?
The most common symptoms of appendicitis include sharp pain in the lower right abdomen, nausea, vomiting, fever, loss of appetite, and bloating. The pain often starts near the navel before moving to the lower right side and intensifying over time.

How is appendicitis different from stomach pain?
Appendicitis pain usually starts mildly around the navel and worsens as it moves to the lower right abdomen. Unlike general stomach pain, appendicitis pain is persistent, sharp, and worsens with movement, coughing, or pressing on the affected area.

What tests are used to diagnose appendicitis?
Doctors use a combination of physical examination, blood tests to check for infection, urine tests to rule out kidney issues, and imaging tests like ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI. These tests help confirm inflammation and determine the severity of appendicitis.

Can appendicitis go away without surgery?
In rare cases, mild appendicitis may improve with antibiotics, but surgery is the most effective treatment. If left untreated, the appendix can rupture, leading to serious complications. Medical evaluation is essential to determine the best course of action.

What causes appendicitis?

Appendicitis is usually caused by a blockage in the appendix, often due to trapped stool, infection, or swelling of lymphatic tissue. This blockage leads to inflammation and infection, triggering the painful symptoms of appendicitis.

What are the first signs of appendicitis?

The initial signs typically include mild abdominal pain near the belly button, which gradually intensifies and shifts to the lower right abdomen. This is often accompanied by nausea, loss of appetite, and sometimes mild fever.

How to rule out appendicitis?

Doctors rule out appendicitis through a physical exam, blood tests to check for infection, urine tests, and imaging like an ultrasound or CT scan. Monitoring symptoms and medical history also help confirm or exclude appendicitis.

Can appendix pain go away?

Appendix pain might temporarily lessen if the inflammation reduces or if the appendix bursts, but this is a medical emergency. Appendicitis requires prompt medical evaluation as untreated inflammation can lead to serious complications.

How to reduce appendix pain?

Appendix pain should not be treated at home without medical evaluation. If you suspect appendicitis, seek immediate medical care. Avoid taking strong painkillers, laxatives, or applying heat to the abdomen, as these may worsen the condition or mask symptoms. While resting and avoiding food may temporarily reduce discomfort, appendicitis usually requires urgent medical treatment, often surgery.

What are the 5 stages of appendicitis?

Appendicitis typically progresses in stages:

  1. Early (Catarrhal stage): Mild abdominal pain, usually around the navel.
  2. Suppurative stage: Increased inflammation and localized pain in the lower right abdomen.
  3. Gangrenous stage: Reduced blood flow causes tissue damage in the appendix.
  4. Perforated stage: The appendix ruptures, spreading infection.
  5. Complicated stage: Development of abscess, peritonitis, or sepsis.

Early diagnosis can prevent progression to severe stages.

Who is most at risk for appendicitis?

Appendicitis is most common in people between 10 and 30 years of age, but it can occur at any age. Risk may be slightly higher in males. Individuals with a family history of appendicitis, low-fibre diets, or frequent gastrointestinal infections may also have an increased risk.

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