MD vs MBBS: Differences, Eligibility, Job Opportunities and Scope

Learn the key differences between MBBS and MD, including its scope, eligibility, job roles, and global recognition. Find out how to choose between these medical career paths.
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3 min
18 September 2025

When it comes to pursuing a career in medicine, understanding the differences between an MBBS and MD is crucial. These degrees represent different levels of expertise and career paths within the medical field. Many aspiring doctors often find themselves confused between pursuing an MBBS or an MD. This article will explore the fundamental differences, eligibility requirements, job prospects, and the scope of MBBS and MD degrees. By understanding the details related to each, you can make an informed decision about which path aligns best with your career goals.

What is an MBBS degree?

MBBS stands for Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery. It is an undergraduate degree awarded to students who successfully complete their medical education coursework. Typically, an MBBS programme spans five and a half years, including a year of internship. This degree is foundational, providing students with comprehensive knowledge of various medical fields, practical surgery experience, and a total understanding of patient care. Graduates are qualified to practise as general physicians and can opt to pursue further specialisation(s) via postgraduate degrees.

What is an MD degree?

An MD, or Doctor of Medicine, is a postgraduate qualification pursued by medical professionals in India and several other countries after completing an MBBS (Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery). It enables doctors to specialise in a specific branch of medicine, combining advanced theoretical learning with intensive clinical training. This specialised degree equips them to practise at an advanced level within their chosen medical field.

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Difference Between MBBS and MD

If you're wondering about the differences between MD and MBBS, here’s a quick comparison of these two medical courses, covering key aspects such as course level, duration, fees, entrance exams, job profiles, and more.

Feature

MBBS (Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery)

MD (Doctor of Medicine)

Course level

Undergraduate

Postgraduate

Purpose

Provides foundational medical knowledge and skills to practise as a general physician.

Builds expertise in a chosen medical specialty.

Duration

5.5 years, including a one-year compulsory internship.

3 years, pursued after completing MBBS.

Eligibility

Completion of secondary school with science subjects and a qualifying score in a medical entrance exam, such as NEET in India.

Completion of MBBS and a qualifying score in a postgraduate medical entrance exam, such as NEET-PG.

Focus

Broad study of all major medical and surgical fields, including anatomy, pharmacology, and paediatrics.

Specialised training in a selected non-surgical field, such as internal medicine, paediatrics, or radiology.

Scope of practice

Graduates can work as general practitioners or medical officers, offering broad-spectrum healthcare.

Graduates practise as specialists, diagnosing and treating complex medical conditions within their chosen field.


Is an MBBS equivalent to an MD?

No, an MBBS is not equivalent to an MD. Here are the key points of difference:

  • Level of education: MBBS is an undergraduate degree, while MD is a postgraduate degree
  • Scope: MBBS provides general medical education, while MD offers specialisation in a particular medical field
  • Outcome: MBBS graduates can practise as general physicians, whereas MD graduates become specialists in their chosen area

How do you decide between MBBS and MD?

Deciding between MBBS and MD involves considering:

  • Career goals: Determine if you want to be a general practitioner or a specialist
  • Interest: Reflect on whether you enjoy a broad scope of medicine or are inclined towards a specific area
  • Time and commitment: MD requires additional years of study and specialisation after MBBS
  • Job prospects: Consider the job opportunities and demand for general physicians versus specialists in your region

Eligibility Criteria for MBBS vs MD

Here are the eligibility requirements for each degree:

Criteria

MBBS

MD

Educational Qualification

10+2 with Physics, Chemistry, Biology

MBBS Degree

Entrance Exam

NEET-UG

NEET-PG

Age Limit

17 years (minimum age)

No age limit restrictions

 

Job opportunities and roles of MBBS vs MD

Different job opportunities are available for MBBS and MD graduates:

Degree

Job Opportunities

MBBS

General Practitioner, Junior Doctor, Medical Officer

MD

Specialist Doctor, Consultant, Healthcare Administrator

 

Scope of MBBS and MD programs

The scope of MBBS and MD programs varies significantly:

Scope of MBBS:

  1. Work as a general physician in hospitals and clinics
  2. Pursue a career in medical research
  3. Start your own healthcare practice

Scope of MD:

  1. Specialise in fields like cardiology, neurology, etc.
  2. Take up roles in teaching and clinical research
  3. Work as a consultant in specialised medical fields

Conclusion

Choosing between an MBBS and MD requires careful consideration of your career goals and interests. Both degrees offer substantial opportunities but cater to different aspirations within the medical field. While an MBBS offers a broad introduction to medicine, an MD allows further specialisation. If you are looking to finance your medical studies, consider applying for a doctor loan or a professional loan from Bajaj Finance, which can provide the financial support needed to achieve your educational goals.

Frequently asked questions

Can you do MD without MBBS?
No, you cannot pursue an MD without first completing an MBBS. An MBBS degree is a prerequisite for enrolling in an MD program. The MBBS provides the essential foundation in medical education and clinical practice required to specialise further. Without this foundational knowledge, it would be impossible to grasp the advanced concepts and specialisation that an MD entails.

How many years is MD after MBBS?
An MD typically takes about three years to complete after obtaining an MBBS degree. These three years involve rigorous training and education in a chosen speciality field. This period is vital for gaining in-depth knowledge and expertise, allowing doctors to become specialists in their chosen area.

Which is better MBBS or MD?
The choice between MBBS and MD depends on your career goals. If you aim to become a general physician, an MBBS is sufficient. However, if you wish to specialise in a specific medical field, pursuing an MD is the better option. Both degrees have their own merits and career opportunities, so it heavily depends on your personal interests and career aspirations.

Who earns more MBBS or MD?
Generally, MD-qualified doctors tend to earn more than MBBS graduates. This is because specialists in a particular field usually command higher salaries due to their advanced expertise and the demand for specialised medical services. However, the earnings also depend on factors like location, experience, and the type of healthcare facility they work in.

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