The Supreme Court of India stands at the apex of the Indian judicial system and functions as the highest appellate court in the country. It has the authority to hear appeals from lower courts, including High Courts, especially in matters involving constitutional interpretation or questions of substantial legal importance.
As the final guardian of the Constitution, the Supreme Court ensures that justice is upheld when lower judicial forums are unable to resolve disputes conclusively. Its appellate jurisdiction, provided under Articles 131 to 136 of the Constitution, allows litigants to challenge decisions that may have far-reaching legal, constitutional, or societal consequences.
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When can an appeal be made
An appeal to the Supreme Court is not automatic. It can be made only under specific circumstances, including the following:
Substantial question of law
An appeal may be filed when a case involves an important question of law that requires authoritative interpretation or has national relevance.
Conflict with established precedent
If a judgment contradicts earlier rulings or settled legal principles laid down by the Supreme Court, an appeal can be sought to resolve the inconsistency.
Injustice or constitutional violation
Appeals are permitted where a decision leads to a miscarriage of justice, violates a fundamental right, or breaches constitutional provisions. This ensures that constitutional values remain protected even in complex or sensitive cases.
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