Eosinophilia: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment & Prevention

Eosinophilia refers to an elevated level of eosinophils in the blood, which can indicate an underlying health condition. This guide covers common symptoms, potential causes, available treatment options, and steps for prevention.
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3 min
08-October-2024

Eosinophilia is a medical condition characterised by elevated levels of eosinophils, a type of white blood cell, in the blood or tissues. While eosinophils are a natural part of the immune system and play a role in combating infections and inflammation, excessively high levels can indicate underlying health issues. Understanding the symptoms, causes, treatment options, and preventive measures for eosinophilia is crucial for managing this condition effectively. In this article, we discuss all these aspects of eosinophilia in detail, along with the significance of buying health insurance to prevent any financial burden for treatment related to illnesses due to eosinophilia.

What is eosinophilia disease?

Before discussing the various aspects, causes, symptoms and more about the diseases, first understand the meaning of eosinophilia. Eosinophilia disease is a medical condition where the level of eosinophils (white blood cells) in the blood is higher than normal. Eosinophilia is not a disease itself, but it can be an indication of other underlying conditions. Eosinophilia can be of two types - primary and secondary.

  • Primary eosinophilia is caused due to abnormalities in the bone marrow where eosinophils are produced.
  • Secondary eosinophilia is caused due to other underlying conditions such as allergies, asthma, fungal or parasitic infections, autoimmune diseases, and certain types of cancers.

What are the types of Eosinophilia?

As mentioned earlier, eosinophils are a type of white blood cell that help fight infections and support the immune system. When the number of eosinophils exceeds 500 cells per microliter of blood, the condition is known as eosinophilia. This condition is generally classified into two main types:

1. Blood Eosinophilia

This occurs when the absolute eosinophil count is elevated in the bloodstream, typically detected through a routine blood test. A count above 500 eosinophils per microliter is considered abnormal. If the count remains above 1,500 eosinophils per microliter for several months, the condition is termed hypereosinophilia.

2. Tissue Eosinophilia

In this type, eosinophils accumulate in body tissues at sites of inflammation or infection. It is often diagnosed by testing fluid or tissue samples, such as mucus from nasal passages. Interestingly, blood eosinophil levels may remain normal even when tissue eosinophilia is present.

Is Eosinophilia a serious disease?

Eosinophilia, meaning an elevated count of eosinophils in the blood, is not a disease itself but often indicates an underlying condition. Depending on the cause, eosinophilia can range from mild to severe. While mild cases may not require treatment, severe eosinophilia could signify serious diseases like autoimmune disorders, cancers, or parasitic infections, requiring thorough medical evaluation and management.

What are the causes of Eosinophilia disease

Eosinophilia, characterized by an elevated count of eosinophils in the blood, can be caused by various factors. Allergic reactions to substances such as pollen, medications, or certain foods are common eosinophilia causes. Parasitic infections, particularly in regions with endemic parasites, can also lead to an increase in eosinophils as the immune system responds to the infection.Eosinophilia can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

Allergic reactions:

Allergies to certain foods, medications, or environmental triggers can lead to elevated eosinophil levels.

Parasitic infections:

Certain parasitic infections, such as those caused by roundworms, hookworms, or tapeworms, can trigger eosinophilia.

Asthma:

People with severe asthma may experience eosinophilia as part of their immune response to airway inflammation.

Autoimmune disorders:

Conditions like lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (formerly known as Churg-Strauss syndrome) can cause eosinophilia.

Skin disorders:

Some skin conditions, including eczema and dermatitis herpetiformis, may be associated with eosinophilia.

Certain cancers:

Eosinophilia can be a sign of certain cancers, such as Hodgkin's lymphoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and some types of leukemia.

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Symptoms of eosinophilia disease

The symptoms of eosinophilia disease vary depending on the underlying condition. Some of the common eosinophilia symptoms and systemic symptoms disease include:

  • Fatigue and weakness
  • Shortness of breath
  • Chest pain
  • Skin rashes and itching
  • Abdominal pain and diarrhea
  • Joint pain and swelling
  • Enlarged lymph nodes
  • Fever

Structure of Eosinophils

Eosinophils are a type of white blood cell with several distinctive structural features:

  • A cell membrane that encloses the entire cell
  • Cytoplasm, the fluid inside the cell that surrounds its internal structures
  • A bilobed nucleus (nucleus with two connected lobes)
  • Around 200 small granules in the cytoplasm, which release substances like cytotoxins to help eliminate harmful cells

These granules are key to eosinophils' function, especially in fighting infections and triggering immune responses.

What role do Eosinophils play in the body?

Eosinophils are produced in the bone marrow, where they mature over approximately eight days before entering the bloodstream. Their functions overlap with other white blood cells but also include some unique immune and physiological roles, such as supporting organ development.

Here are two primary immune functions of eosinophils:

1. Fighting Foreign Invaders

Eosinophils attack and neutralize foreign substances, particularly during parasitic infections, helping to protect the immune system from harm.

2. Regulating Inflammation

Eosinophils contribute to inflammation, which helps isolate and manage infection or injury. While this is usually beneficial, excessive inflammation caused by overactive eosinophils can lead to tissue damage or chronic symptoms.

They also contribute to various immune functions like killing infected cells, trapping pathogens, and modulating allergic reactions.

What happens if Eosinophila counts high?

  • High eosinophil counts, known as eosinophilia, may indicate underlying health issues or systemic conditions. The high eosinophil count causes can include allergic reactions, parasitic infections, autoimmune disorders, certain cancers, medication reactions, toxin exposure, or other unidentified factors.
  • Eosinophilia can be a sign of allergies, asthma, or parasitic infections.
  • In some cases, eosinophilia may be associated with autoimmune diseases or certain cancers.
  • Symptoms of eosinophilia vary depending on the underlying cause but may include coughing, wheezing, skin rashes, or gastrointestinal disturbances.
  • Severe eosinophilia can lead to organ damage or dysfunction if left untreated.
  • Diagnosis involves medical evaluation, including blood tests and possibly imaging studies, to determine the cause of elevated eosinophils.
  • Treatment focuses on addressing the underlying condition, which may involve medications, lifestyle modifications, or other interventions tailored to the specific cause of eosinophilia. Effective eosinophils high treatment strategies aim to reduce eosinophil levels while managing the primary health issue.

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What happens if Eosinophila counts Low?

An eosinophil count test is typically conducted as part of a routine complete blood count (CBC) to measure the number of eosinophils in your blood. A normal eosinophil count is typically less than 500 cells per microliter of blood. In children, normal values may vary depending on age.

If your eosinophil count is above 500 cells/µL, it indicates eosinophilia, or a high eosinophil count. This may result from several conditions, including:

  • Parasitic infections
  • Autoimmune diseases
  • Allergic reactions
  • Asthma
  • Eczema
  • Seasonal allergies
  • Leukemia or other cancers
  • Drug reactions
  • Ulcerative colitis
  • Organ transplant rejection

When eosinophil levels become excessively high, it can lead to eosinophilic disorders or hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES). These conditions are often named based on the organ or system they affect:

  • Eosinophilic fasciitis – affects connective tissue (fascia)
  • Eosinophilic pneumonia – affects the lungs
  • Eosinophilic cystitis – affects the bladder
  • Eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders – include issues like eosinophilic esophagitis, impacting the esophagus, stomach, colon, and small intestine
  • Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss syndrome) – affects multiple organs such as the lungs, heart, and sinuses

Hypereosinophilic syndrome is a rare but serious condition involving persistently high eosinophil levels that can damage the heart, central nervous system, skin, and respiratory tract.

How do healthcare professionals diagnose Eosinophilia?

  • Diagnosis of eosinophilia involves a comprehensive medical evaluation by healthcare professionals.
  • A complete medical history is obtained, focusing on symptoms such as asthma, allergies, or parasitic infections.
  • Physical examination may reveal signs such as rash, wheezing, or enlarged lymph nodes.
  • Blood tests, including a complete blood count (CBC) with differential, help determine the blood eosinophilia count.
  • Further tests may include allergy testing, imaging studies, and stool examinations to identify underlying causes.
  • Differential diagnoses may include other conditions that cause elevated eosinophils, such as parasitic infections, allergic reactions, or autoimmune diseases.
  • Treatment strategies are tailored to address the underlying cause of eosinophilia and may include medications, lifestyle modifications, or dietary changes.

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Treatment of eosinophilia disease

Treatment for eosinophilia aims to address the underlying cause and manage symptoms. Depending on the specific circumstances, treatment options may include:

  • Medications:
    Antihistamines, corticosteroids, and anti-parasitic medications may be prescribed to reduce inflammation and control allergic reactions or parasitic infections.
  • Immunotherapy:
    In cases where allergies are the underlying cause, allergen immunotherapy may be recommended to desensitise the immune system and reduce allergic reactions.
  • Biologic therapies:
    Biologic drugs that target specific components of the immune system may be used to manage severe eosinophilia associated with conditions like asthma or autoimmune disorders.
  • Lifestyle modifications:
    Making lifestyle changes such as avoiding known triggers, maintaining a healthy diet, exercising regularly, and managing stress can help reduce the frequency and severity of eosinophilia episodes.

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What are the available treatment options for eosinophilia?

Treatment for eosinophilia primarily focuses on addressing the underlying cause behind the elevated eosinophil count. For example, if eosinophilic esophagitis is diagnosed, doctors may prescribe steroids or other medications to reduce inflammation. In cases where allergies or chronic sinusitis are responsible, allergy testing may be recommended to identify the triggers.

If a specific medication is causing the elevated eosinophil levels, your doctor may advise discontinuing it. If infections or cancers are the cause, appropriate therapies will be initiated.

The treatment approach depends on the severity and cause of eosinophilia, and may include:

  • Regular monitoring for mild cases with follow-up blood tests
  • Stopping medications that may be triggering the rise in eosinophils
  • Enhanced treatment for asthma, eczema, or allergies
  • Anti-parasitic medication for parasite-related infections
  • Steroid therapy (such as prednisone) for managing hypereosinophilic syndrome

Each treatment plan is personalized based on your diagnostic results and overall health condition.

Precautions and prevention of eosinophilia disease

While eosinophilia may not always be preventable, taking certain precautions can help reduce the risk of developing the condition or exacerbating existing symptoms:

  1. Avoid allergens:
    Identify and avoid triggers that may cause allergic reactions, such as certain foods, pollen, pet dander, or dust mites.
  2. Practice good hygiene:
    Wash hands regularly, especially before eating, to prevent parasitic infections.
  3. Manage chronic conditions:
    Properly manage chronic conditions like asthma, autoimmune disorders, and skin conditions to reduce the likelihood of eosinophilia flare-ups.
  4. Seek prompt medical attention:
    If you experience symptoms suggestive of eosinophilia or notice any unusual changes in your health, consult a healthcare professional for evaluation and appropriate management.

Significance of health insurance for eosinophilia disease

Health insurance is important for people with eosinophilia disease as it can help cover the costs of treatment and medication. Most health insurance plans cover the cost of hospitalisation, diagnostic tests, surgery, and medication. Understanding the meaning of eosinophilia, which refers to elevated levels of eosinophils in the blood, underscores the importance of comprehensive medical coverage to manage potential underlying conditions effectively. Given below are the key benefits of buying a medical insurance policy for treatment of diseases related to eosinophilia disease:

  • Essential for covering medical expenses associated with eosinophilia diagnosis and treatment.
  • Enables regular monitoring through doctor visits and blood tests without financial burden.
  • Facilitates access to specialist consultations for proper management of the condition.
  • Covers costs of medications required to control eosinophilia levels.
  • Provides financial support for hospitalisations and surgeries if necessary.
  • Ensures timely and comprehensive care, preventing potential complications.

What to expect when you have eosinophilia?

When diagnosed with eosinophilia, you can expect a thorough evaluation to identify the underlying cause, which may involve blood tests, imaging studies, or allergy testing. Symptoms can vary widely, from mild allergic reactions to more severe manifestations, such as respiratory issues or gastrointestinal problems. Regular monitoring and appropriate treatment are essential to manage the condition effectively.

Eosinophilia is a medical condition characterised by elevated levels of eosinophils, which can indicate underlying health issues such as allergies, parasitic infections, autoimmune disorders, or certain cancers. In some cases, eosinophils in the esophagus can lead to eosinophilic esophagitis, causing swallowing difficulties and other gastrointestinal symptoms. Understanding the symptoms, causes, treatment options, and preventive measures for eosinophilia is essential for effectively managing this condition and improving overall health outcomes. Additionally, having access to comprehensive mediclaim insurance coverage can help ensure timely and affordable access to necessary medical care and support services.

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Frequently asked questions

What are the common symptoms of eosinophilia?

Common symptoms of eosinophilia include fever, cough, difficulty breathing, skin rashes, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and muscle pain. In some cases, individuals may experience no symptoms, while others may develop severe complications depending on the underlying cause.

What causes eosinophilia in the body?

Eosinophilia can be caused by various factors, including allergic reactions, parasitic infections, autoimmune diseases, certain cancers, and certain medications. In some cases, the exact cause may remain unknown.

How is eosinophilia diagnosed by healthcare professionals?

Healthcare professionals diagnose eosinophilia through blood tests, specifically by measuring the levels of eosinophils in the blood. Additionally, they may perform other tests to determine the underlying cause, such as allergy testing, imaging studies, and tissue biopsies.

Is eosinophilia a serious disease?

Eosinophilia itself is not a disease but rather a sign of an underlying condition. Depending on the cause, eosinophilia may require medical attention and treatment to address the associated health issues.

What is the main cause of eosinophilia?

The main causes of eosinophilia include allergic reactions, asthma, parasitic infections, autoimmune diseases, and certain cancers. Identifying the underlying cause is essential for appropriate management and treatment of eosinophilia.

What is the best food for eosinophilia?

For eosinophilia, the best foods are typically low in histamines and potential allergens. These include fresh fruits, vegetables (except high-histamine varieties), lean proteins, whole grains, healthy fats, non-dairy alternatives, and herbs/spices that are not known allergens.

Is eosinophils 7% high?

A 7% eosinophil count in a blood test may be considered high, depending on the reference range used by the laboratory. Elevated eosinophil levels can indicate various conditions, and further evaluation by a healthcare professional is recommended.

What will happen if eosinophils is high?

If eosinophils are high (eosinophilia), it may indicate allergic reactions, parasitic infections, autoimmune diseases, or certain cancers. Monitoring and diagnosing the underlying cause are crucial for appropriate treatment to manage symptoms and prevent complications.

Can eosinophilia be cured?

Eosinophilia can often be managed and potentially cured by treating the underlying cause, such as allergies, infections, or autoimmune conditions. Addressing these triggers usually normalizes eosinophil levels. However, chronic cases may require ongoing treatment and monitoring.

What is the danger range for eosinophils?

The danger range for eosinophils typically starts at levels above 1,500 cells per microliter of blood. Such high counts can indicate serious underlying conditions and may lead to organ damage or inflammation, requiring immediate medical evaluation and treatment.

What food should be avoided in eosinophilia?

In eosinophilia, it's advisable to avoid foods that can trigger allergic reactions, such as shellfish, nuts, dairy, and gluten-containing products. Additionally, processed foods with additives and preservatives may exacerbate inflammation, so a clean, whole-food diet is recommended.

How to reduce eosinophil levels?

To reduce eosinophil levels, focus on treating the underlying cause, such as allergies or infections. Medications like corticosteroids may be prescribed, along with lifestyle changes, including a balanced diet, regular exercise, and stress management, to support overall immune health.

What percent of eosinophils is high?

A high eosinophil percentage generally means more than 6% of your total white blood cells are eosinophils. However, the absolute eosinophil count (AEC) gives a clearer picture:

  • Normal AEC: 0–500 cells/μL
  • Mild eosinophilia: 500–1,500 cells/μL
  • Moderate to severe eosinophilia: >1,500 cells/μL
What is eosinophilic asthma?

Eosinophilic asthma is a type of severe asthma characterized by high levels of eosinophils in the airways. These cells cause inflammation, swelling, and mucus buildup, leading to:

  • Frequent asthma attacks
  • Coughing, wheezing, and breathlessness
  • Poor response to typical asthma medications

It often requires targeted biologic therapies in addition to inhalers or corticosteroids.

What to expect if people suffer from eosinophilia?

If you have eosinophilia, you may experience:

  • Fatigue, cough, or fever if inflammation is active
  • Organ-specific symptoms if eosinophils infiltrate tissues (e.g., abdominal pain for GI involvement)
  • Allergy-like symptoms such as skin rashes, runny nose, or breathing issues
    Treatment depends on the underlying cause—ranging from monitoring to medications like steroids or antiparasitics.
Which foods increase eosinophils?

Certain food allergens may trigger eosinophil overproduction in sensitive individuals. Common culprits include:

  • Milk, eggs, wheat, soy, peanuts, tree nuts, and shellfish
    These are especially linked to eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders. However, there's no general food that increases eosinophils in everyone—only those triggering an immune response in allergic individuals.

What cancers can cause eosinophils to be in high condition?

Several cancers and blood-related disorders can lead to elevated eosinophil levels:

  • Hodgkin’s lymphoma
  • T-cell lymphomas
  • Certain leukemias (especially eosinophilic leukemia or chronic myeloid leukemia)
  • Solid tumors like lung, colon, or cervical cancer (rare cases)

These cancers may trigger eosinophil production either directly or as a response to tumor-secreted cytokines.

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