Formula to Calculate Working Capital

कार्यशील पूंजी की आवश्यकताओं की गणना करने के लिए, आप नीचे दिए गए फॉर्मूले का उपयोग कर सकते हैं:
कार्यशील पूंजी (WC) = वर्तमान संपत्ति (CA) – वर्तमान देनदारियां (CL).
अगर कुल वर्तमान एसेट की वैल्यू रु. 3,00,000 है और वर्तमान लायबिलिटी रु. 1,50,000 है, तो आपकी कंपनी की कार्यशील पूंजी 3,00,000 - 1,50,000 होगी, जो रु. 1,50,000 के बराबर होगी.

किसी कंपनी की वर्तमान एसेट के कुछ मुख्य घटक हैं:

• मिलने वाली राशि
  
• कंपनी का स्टॉक या इन्वेंटरी होल्ड है
  
• Debtors have yet to pay their dues for purchasing goods from the company
  
• Expenses are paid for in advance
  

वर्तमान देनदारियों में शामिल हो सकते हैं:

• लेनदारों को बकाया भुगतान
  
• अन्य भुगतान न किए गए खर्च
• अन्य शॉर्ट-टर्म लोन

कार्यशील पूंजी की गणना को समझने में आपकी मदद करने के लिए यहां एक उदाहरण दिया गया है:

Say that your business has the following current assets:

• क्रेडिट पर बेचे गए माल: रु. 2,00,000
• कच्चे माल: रु. 2,00,000
  
• नकद: रु. 1,50,000
  
• अप्रचलित इन्वेंटरी: रु. 40,000
  
• कर्मचारियों को दिए गए लोन: रु. 50,000
  

इस प्रकार वर्तमान एसेट की कुल वैल्यू, कैश इन हैंड को छोड़कर, उपरोक्त वैल्यू का योग होगी, यानी रु. 4,90,000. उपलब्ध कैश, लिक्विडिटी का अंतिम उपाय है और अक्सर प्राप्ति या भुगतान के साथ बदलता है. इसे वर्तमान एसेट में जोड़ने से बिज़नेस की लिक्विडिटी की सही तस्वीर सामने नहीं आ पाती है.

Say that your current liabilities include:

• लेनदारों को देय बकाया राशि: रु. 1,70,000
• भुगतान न किए गए खर्च: रु. 80,000
  

इस प्रकार मौजूदा देनदारियों का कुल मूल्य रु. 2,50,000 (उपरोक्त दो मूल्यों की राशि) है.
कार्यशील पूंजी फॉर्मूला का उपयोग करके, आप बिज़नेस की लिक्विडिटी का स्टेटस जान सकते हैं.
WC = CA – CL
= रु. 4,90,000 – रु. 2,50,000
= रु. 2,40,000

इस फॉर्मूले की मदद से, एक बिज़नेस अपनी कार्यशील पूंजी का अनुमान लगा सकता है. इसमें कमी के मामले में, बिज़नेस का मालिक व्यय की आवश्यकताओं को पूरा करने के लिए कार्यशील पूंजी लोन का विकल्प चुन सकता है.

Bajaj Finserv brings a high-value loan of up to Rs. 50 lakh* (*inclusive of insurance premium, VAS charges, documentation charges, flexi fees, and processing fees) to help a business fund its working capital needs and operate at optimum efficiency. Avail of the loan and repay affordably with competitive interest rates on offer.

अतिरिक्त जानकारी: कैपिटल बजटिंग का महत्व

Positive vs negative working capital

Positive working capital is essential for a successful business operation, as it enables companies to cover their short-term obligations and invest in future growth opportunities. When a company has more short-term assets than liabilities, it has positive working capital.

Meanwhile, negative working capital can create cash flow problems, making it challenging for the business to pay bills and creditors on time. It may also negatively affect the company's credit rating and limit access to future financing.

A business owner can improve their company’s positive working capital by taking out a working capital loan. It can boost liquidity and provide the necessary funds to cover short-term obligations.

List of working capital formulas

Calculating working capital is key to managing a business's finances effectively. Below are some commonly used formulas that businesses can use to determine their working capital needs:

1. Working capital: Calculate by subtracting current liabilities from current assets.
2. Net working capital: Calculate by subtracting current liabilities (minus debt) from current assets (minus cash).
3. Operating working capital: Calculate by subtracting non-operating current assets from current assets.
4. Non-cash working capital: Calculate by subtracting current liabilities from current assets (minus cash).
5. Change in working capital: Measure the difference between the previous and current year's working capital.

By using these working capital formulas, businesses can more accurately assess their financial health and identify their working capital requirements. This can help make informed decisions and better manage cash flow, leading to greater success and reducing the need for external financing like working capital loans.

Adjustments to the working capital formula

Businesses can adjust the working capital formula to improve the accuracy of their assessment. These adjustments include:

• Factoring in cash reserves to current assets.
  
• Excluding inventory from the working capital calculation in the case of financing options.
  
• Excluding non-operating assets such as long-term securities and investments.
  
• Seasonal adjustments to account for inventory and accounts receivable fluctuations.
  
• Considering debt maturity for better working capital requirement calculation.
  

By adjusting the working capital formula, businesses can better determine their financial position and calculate working capital requirements accurately.

What is a good working capital ratio?

A good working capital ratio is generally between 1.2 and 2 A ratio above 2 may indicate that a business has too much inventory or is not investing in growth opportunities. Conversely, a ratio below 1.2 may indicate that a business has too little liquidity to meet its short-term obligations. However, a "good" working capital ratio can vary depending on the industry, business size, and other factors. Therefore, it is important to factor in these considerations and use other financial ratios to assess a business’s financial health and working capital needs.

Importance of using the working capital formula

Working capital formulas are essential for businesses to assess their current financial position and understand their working capital requirements. By using these formulas, businesses can:

• Monitor and manage cash flow effectively.
• Identify areas where they need to improve their financial efficiency.
• Reduce the need for external financing such as working capital loans.

Overall, the use of working capital formulas enables businesses to make better-informed decisions and optimise their financial performance, leading to greater stability and success in the long term.